A. predominant B. undeniable C. predominated D. obvious 9. On hearing that he failed in the examination, Jack lay in bed ________ for a long time. A.mobile B. motionlessly C. immobile D. unmovable 10. The company got very angry at the report which ________ what actually happened. A. described B. devised C. distorted D. was distorted 11. She is doing the same job in the new company for a higher salary. The underlined part means the same as one of the following words. A. equated B. equivalent C. equal to D. equation 12. The host was generous enough since he provided ________ of wine in the banquet. A.lot B. an abundance C. great deal D. a number 13. Healthy people have a slightly lower ________ of carrying disease-related variations. A. probability B. impossibility C. likeliness D. improbability 14. The budget of constructing the cross-sea bridge between Hong Kong, Zhuhai and Macau was ________ respectively by the local governments. A. confirmed B. issued C. approved D. appointed 15. It is reported that in the USA there are more than 45% of people who suffer from both ________ and overweight. A. obese B. obesity C. fat D. fatness 16. It took Mary much time to________ herself when she received an interview for the first time. A. composed B. composing C. compose D. composition 17. New research suggests that species that grow too large may be more ________ to extinction. A. viable B. prone C. likely D. eager 18. A great many evidences showed that lack of physical activity will lead to ________ ailments more easily. A. obesity-related B. hypertension-relative C. overweight-relate D. tiredness-relating 19. Although she was more than 80 years old, Grandma ________ a clear mind and still has a good appetite. 第 2 页
A. attains B. retains C. obtains D. attends 20. What financial experts need to do is help the government ________ signs when the economy is becoming prosperous and when it is becoming depressed. A. detect B. design C. influence D. predict 21. To make sure their demands would be heard, the coal workers went on strike to protest the _______ lack of safe precaution in the mines. A. deplorable B. generous C. dingy D. uneventful 22. If we live on continents, we tend to see the world as land inconveniently dissected by _______ of water. A. expanses B. expenses C. suspenses D. tenses 23. The electronic computer is _______ some of the tasks that were once accomplished by our own brains. A. taking on B. taking over C. taking off D. taking in 24. Always bear in mind that your own resolution to succeed is more important than ______ thing. A. any B. other C. another D. any other 25. One does not complain about water because it is wet, ______ about rocks because they are hard. A. and B. either C. not D. nor 26. There were resources, such as coal, iron, gold and copper, deep underground, but they remained ______ for much of the country’s early history. A. undiscovering B. undiscovered C. to be undiscovering D. being undiscovered 27. There is ______ phoenix. It exists only in legends. A. not such bird as B. no such a bird as C. not such a birds as a D. no such bird as a 28. ______ is always the case, the darkest hour comes before the dawn. A. That B. It C. As D. What 29. Although company styles vary, _______ that all successful firms possess the ability to tap the potential of their employees. A. what certain is B. what certainty is C. what is certain is D. what is certainty is 30. I don’t believe your dad is over fifty. He looks _______ forty. A. no older than B. not older than C. no older as D. none older as 第 3 页
Part II. Reading Comprehension (40 points, 2 points for each) Directions: there are 4 reading passages followed by multiple-choice questions. Read the passages and then write one best answer for each question on your answer sheet. Passage 1 The use of deferential language is symbolic of the Confucian ideal of the woman, which dominates conservative gender norms in Japan. This ideal presents a woman who withdraws quietly to the background, subordinating her life and needs to those of her family and its male head. She is a dutiful daughter, wife, and mother, master of the domestic arts. The typical refined Japanese woman excels in modesty and delicacy; she “treads softly in the world,” elevating feminine beauty and grace to an art form. Nowadays, it is commonly observed that young women are not conforming to the feminine linguistic ideal. They are using fewer of the very deferential “women’s” forms, and even using the few strong forms that are known as “men’s.” This, of course, attracts considerable attention and has led to an outcry in the Japanese media against the defeminization of women’s language. Indeed, we didn’t hear about “men’s language” until people began to respond to girls’ appropriation of forms normally reserved for boys and men. There is considerable sentiment about the “corruption” of women’s language—which of course is viewed as part of the loss of feminine ideals and morality—and this sentiment is crystallized by nationwide opinion polls that are regularly carried out by the media. Yoshiko Matsumoto has argued that young women probably never used as many of the highly deferential forms as older women. This highly polite style is no doubt something that young women have been expected to “grow into”—after all, it is a sign not simply of femininity, but of maturity and refinement, and its use could be taken to indicate a change in the nature of one’s social relations as well. One might well imagine little girls using exceedingly polite forms when playing house or imitating older women—in a fashion analogous to little girls’ use of a high-pitched voice to do “teacher talk” or “mother talk” in role play. The fact that young Japanese women are using less deferential language is a sure sign of change—of social change and of linguistic change. But it is most certainly not a sign of the “masculization” of girls. In some instances, it may be a sign that girls are making the same claim to authority as boys and men, but 第 4 页
that is very different from saying that they are trying to be “masculine.” Katsue Reynolds has argued that girls nowadays are using more assertive language strategies in order to be able to compete with boys in schools and out. Social change also brings not simply different positions for women and girls, but different relations to life stages, and adolescent girls are participating in new subcultural forms. Thus what may, to an older speaker, seem like “masculine” speech may seem to an adolescent like “liberated” or “hip” speech. 31. The first paragraph describes in detail ________. A) the standards set for contemporary Japanese women B) the Confucian influence on gender norms in Japan C) the stereotyped role of women in Japanese families D) the norms for traditional Japanese women to follow 32. What change has been observed in today’s young Japanese women? A) They pay less attention to their linguistic behavior. B) The use fewer of the deferential linguistic forms. C) They confuse male and female forms of language. D) They employ very strong linguistic expressions. 33. How do some people react to women’s appropriation of men’s language forms as reported in the Japanese media? A) They call for a campaign to stop the defeminization. B) The see it as an expression of women’s sentiment. C) They accept it as a modern trend. D) They express strong disapproval. 34. According to Yoshiko Matsumoto, the linguistic behavior observed in today’s young women ________. A) may lead to changes in social relations B) has been true of all past generations C) is viewed as a sign of their maturity D) is a result of rapid social progress 35. The author believes that the use of assertive language by young Japanese women is ________. A) a sure sign of their defeminization and maturation B) an indication of their defiance against social change 第 5 页
C) one of their strategies to compete in a male-dominated society D) an inevitable trend of linguistic development in Japan today Passage 2 In the old days measuring company performance was simply a case of looking at turnover, profits and dividends. However, the last few years have seen environmental and ethical issues move to the forefront of public concern and resulted in a closer scrutiny of a company’s performance in terms of its business ethics. As the Government has been slow to respond to the increasing importance of ethics, companies have been forced to address the subject themselves and re-align their own management policies accordingly. These policies will determine how a company conducts all aspects of its business, from dealing with clients to reporting to shareholders. By setting themselves up as ethical, however, companies are not so much promoting the importance of ethical conduct, the well-being of the local community or the development of society as a whole, as engaging in a powerful marketing and PR exercise to attract both discerning clients and bright young recruits. In today’s markets, any company without a coherent ethics policy is in danger of surrendering a competitive advantage to its rivals. In order to develop an ethical code of conduct, companies will have to deal with issues such as the legal implications of their disciplinary measures and the effect any new procedures will have on employees. However, new policies can only be developed once the company has identified the core values that underpin its day to day operations. Without a clear understanding of these values, it is impossible to develop a code of conduct compatible with the company’s culture. An effective code will dictate how employees approach conflicts and other stressful dilemmas not covered by the normal terms and conditions of employment. It will provide employees with a clear understanding of what behavior is expected when they find themselves confronted with such dilemmas. Ethical procedures are particularly critical in times of crisis. Pay disputes, sexual harassment charges or cases of fraud, for example, can involve very complex issues that require careful decision-making and can have a very negative effect on staff morale. At such times it is crucial that companies act in an ethical manner. By doing so, they may not be able to avoid the potentially damaging publicity such cases inevitably attract; they will, however, be in a 第 6 页
much stronger position to defend themselves in a court of law. The major obstacle which companies face, having established a code of conduct, is that of ensuring that each individual member of staff follows it. Some organizations simply distribute leaflets to all staff in the hope that they will read and act on them. Other companies take a more active approach and invite management gurus to hold seminars on the subject, which, while often highly entertaining, have little long-term impact. Although some companies now include ethics as part of their standard induction program, it is widely accepted that this is not enough. The issue of ethics in the workplace is now of such importance that it needs to be incorporated into in-company development programs for all employees, from the shop floor to the boardroom. With little sign of public concern abating, no organization can afford to ignore the subject of ethics in the workplace. In order to address the issue effectively, companies need to ensure that staff at all levels feel committed to the company and its values and are motivated to transfer this commitment into ethical behavior. 36. Why are companies promoting ethical practice? A) to develop customer awareness of social issues B) to help raise money for the local community C) to enhance the positive image of the company D) to improve the conduct of employees 37. What must companies do first to develop an ethical code? A) take appropriate legal advice B) consult employees at all levels C) establish their basic principles D) set up disciplinary procedures 38. A code of conduct helps employees A) work together more effectively. B) improve terms and conditions. C) understand their duties better. D) cope with difficult situations. 39. At times of crisis, a code of conduct reduces the A) likelihood of negative publicity. 第 7 页
B) potential damage of legal action. C) negative effect on staff morale. D) time it takes to make decisions. 40. How can companies ensure that staff follow ethical procedures? A) by distributing detailed leaflets to employees B) by integrating ethics into training at all levels C) by arranging seminars with ethics consultants D) by including ethics in induction programs Passage 3 It used to be so straightforward. A team of researchers working together in the laboratory would submit the results of their research to a journal. A journal editor would then remove the author’s names and affiliations from the paper and send it to their peers for review, depending on the comments received, the editor would accept the paper for publication or decline it. Copyright rested with the journal publishers, and researchers seeking knowledge of the results would have to subscribe to the journal. No longer. The Internet -- and pressure from funding agencies, who are questioning why commercial publishers are making money from government-funded research by restricting access to it -- is making access to scientific results a reality. The Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) has just issued a report describing the far-reaching consequences of this. The report, by John Houghton of Victoria University in Australia and Graham Vickery of the OECD, makes heavy reading for publishers who have, so far, made handsome profits. But it goes further than that. It signals a change in what has, until now, been a key element of scientific endeavor. The value of knowledge and the return on the public investment in research depends, in part, upon wide distribution and ready access. It is big business, in America, the core scientific publishing market is estimated at between $7 billion and $11 billion. The International Association of Scientific Technical and Medical Publishers says that there are more than 2,000 publishers worldwide specializing in these subjects. They publish more than 1.2 million articles each year in some 16,000 journals. This is now changing. According to the OECD report, some 75% of scholarly journals are now online. Entirely new business models are emerging; 第 8 页
three main ones were identified by the report’s authors. There is the so-called big deal, where institutional subscribers pay for access to a collection of online journal titles through site-licensing agreements. There is open-access publishing, typically supported by asking the author (or his employer) to pay for the paper to be published. Finally, there are open-access archives, where organizations such as universities or international laboratories support institutional repositories. Other models exist that are hybrids of these three, such as delayed open-access, where journals allow only subscribers to read a paper for the first six months, before making it freely available to everyone who wishes to see it. All this could change the traditional form of the peer-review process, at least for the publication of papers. 41. In the first paragraph, the author discusses____________. A) the background information of journal editing B) the publication routine of laboratory reports C) the relations of authors with journal publishers D) the traditional process of journal publication 42. Which of the following is true of the OECD report? A) It criticizes government-funded research. B) It introduces an effective means of publication. C) It upsets profit-making journal publishers. D) It benefits scientific research considerably. 43. According to the text, online publication is significant in that__________. A) it provides an easier access to scientific results B) it brings huge profits to scientific researchers C) it emphasizes the crucial role of scientific knowledge D) it facilitates public investment in scientific research 44. With the open-access publishing model, the author of a paper is required to ___________. A) cover the cost of its publication B) subscribe to the journal publishing it C) allow other online journals to use it freely D) complete the peer-review before submission 第 9 页
45. Which of the following best summarizes the text? A) the internet is posing a threat to publishers. B) a new mode to publication is emerging. C) authors welcome the new channel for publication. D) publication is rendered easily by online service. Passage 4 Ours is a society that tries to keep the world sharply divided into masculine and feminine, not because that is the way the world is, but because that is the way we believe it should be. It takes unwavering belief and considerable effort to keep this division. It also leads us to make some fairly foolish judgments, particularly about language. Because we think that language also should be divided into masculine and feminine we have become very skilled at ignoring anything that will not fit our preconceptions. We would rather change what we hear than change our ideas about the gender division of the world. We will call assertive girls unfeminine, and supportive boys effeminate, and try to change them while still retaining our stereotypes of masculine and feminine talk. This is why some research on sex differences and language has been so interesting. It is an illustration of how wrong we can be. Of the many investigators who set out to find the stereotyped sex differences in language，few have had any positive results. It seems that our images of serious taciturn male speakers and gossipy garrulous female speakers are just that: images. Many myths associated with masculine and feminine talk have had to be discarded as more research has been undertaken. If females do use more trivial words than males, stop talking in mid-sentence, or talk about the same things over and over again, they do not do it when investigators are around. None of these characteristics of female speech have been found. And even when sex differences have been found, the question arises as to whether the difference is in the eye---or ear--- of the beholder, rather than in the language. Pitch provides one example. We believe that males were meant to talk in low pitched voices and females in high pitched voices. We also believe that low pitch is more desirable. Well, it has been found that males tend to have lower pitched voices than females. But it has also been found that this difference cannot be explained by anatomy. If males do not speak in high pitched voices, it is not usually because they 第 10 页
are unable to do so. The reason is more likely to be that there are penalties. Males with high pitched voices are often the object of ridicule. But pitch is not an absolute, for what is considered the right pitch for males varies from country to country. 46. The passage implies that the author’s attitude towards the division of feminine talk and masculine talk is _________. A）snobbish B）assertive C）critical D）approving 47.What does the word “effeminate” (Para.2, Line5) mean？ A）Powerful. B）Unfeminine. C）Obedient. D）Unmasculine. 48. The author uses pitch as an example in order to indicate __________. A）that males should talk in low pitched voices and females in high pitched voices B）that sex differences in language cannot be well illustrated C）that pitch is not a good example to explain the sex differences in language D）that sex differences lie in the eye or ear of the beholder，rather than in the language 49. Which of the following does NOT belong to the stereotype of feminine talk？ A）Stopping talking when the sentence is not finished. B）Always using trivial words. C）Repeating the same thing over and over. D）None of the above. 50. Males usually do not speak loudly because _________. A）anatomy has proved that males tend to have lower pitches than females B）high pitch is a characteristic of female speech rather than male speech C）males are afraid of being laughed at D）males are unable to do so 第 11 页
Part III. Writing (30 points) 51. Write an essay of about 400 words in English on the following topic. Write your essay on your ANSWER SHEET. On Translation Criteria 第 12 页
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