Part I Writing (30 minutes)
For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a letter to express your thanks to your parents or any family members upon making memorable achievement. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words. Directions:
注意：此局部试题请在答题卡 1 上作答。 Part Ⅲ Reading Comprehension (40 minutes) Section A
Directions: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the center. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.
Signs barring cell-phone use are a familiar sight to anyone who has ever sat in a hospital waiting room. But the 26 popularity of electronic medical records has forced hospital-based doctors to become 27 on computers throughout the day, and desktops—which keep doctors from bedsides—are 28 giving way to wireless devices.
As clerical loads increased, “something had to 29 Patel, a former chief resident in the University of Chicago’s internal-medicine program. In fall 2021, she helped 30 a pilot project in Chicago to see if the iPad could improve working conditions and patient care. The experiment was so 31 that all internal-medicine program adopted the same 32 in 2021. Medical schools at Yale and Stanford now have paperless, iPad-based curriculums. “You’ll want an iPad just so you can wear this〞 is the slogan for one of the new lab coats 33 with large pockets to accommodate tablet computers. A study of the University of Chicago iPad project found that patients got tests and 34 faster if they were cared for by iPad-equipped residents. Many patients also 35 a better understanding of the illnesses that landed them in the hospital in the first place. 注意：此局部试题请在答题卡 2 上作答。
A) dependent B) designed C) fast D) flying E) gained
F) give G) growing H) launch I) policy J) prospect K) rather L) reliable M) signal N) successful O) treatments
特别说明：2021 年 6月大学英语四级试卷的三套试题有重叠局部， 本试卷 〔第三套〕 只列出与第一、二套不重复的试题。
详细重叠局部：本卷所有听力题与第一、二套试卷有重复，本试卷不再列出。 Section B
Directions: In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is marked with a letter. Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.
Ancient Greek Wisdom Inspires Guidelines to Good Life
[A] Is it possible to enjoy a peaceful life in a world that is increasingly challenged by threats and uncertainties from wars, terrorism, economic crises and a widespread outbreak of infectious diseases? The answer is yes, according to a new book The 10 Golden Rules: Ancient Wisdom from the Greek Philosophers on Living a Good Life. The book is co-authored by Long Island University’s philosophy professor Michael Soupios and economics professor Panos Mourdoukoutas.
[B] The wisdom of the ancient Greek philosophers is timeless, says Soupios. The philosophy professor says it is as relevant today as when it was first written many centuries ago. “There is no expiration ( 失效) date on wisdom,〞 he says, “There is no shelf life on intelligence. I think that things have become very gloomy these day, lots of misunderstanding, misleading cues, a lot of what the ancients would have called sophistry ( 狡辩 ). The nice thing about ancient philosophy as offered by the Greeks is that they tended to see life clear and whole, in a way that we tend not to see life today.〞 Examine your life
[C] Soupios, along with his co-author Panos Mourdoukoutas, developed their 10 golden rules by turning to the men behind that philosophy—Aristotle, Socrates, Epictetus and Pythagoras, among others. The first rule—examine your life—is the common thread that runs through the entire book. Soupios says that it is based on Plato’s observation that the unexamined life is not worth living. “The Greeks are always concerned about boxing themselves in, in terms of convictions ( 信念 ),〞 he says. “So take a step back, switch off the automatic pilot and actually stop and reflect about things like our priorities, our values, and our relationships.〞 Stop worrying about what you can
not control
[D] As we begin to examine our life, Soupios says, we come to Rule No.2: Worry only about things that you can control. “The individual who promoted this idea was a Stoic philosopher. His name is Epictetus,〞 he says. “And what the Stoics say in general is simply this: There is a larger plan in life. You are not really going to be able to understand all of the dimensions of this plan. You are not going to be able to control the dimensions of this plan.〞
[E] So, Soupios explains, it is not worth it to waste our physical, intellectual and spiritual energy worrying about things that are beyond our control. “I can not control whether or not I wind up getting the disease swine flu, for example.〞 He says. “I mean, there are some cautious steps I can take, but ultimately I can not guarantee myself that. So what Epictetus would say is sitting at home worrying about that would be wrong and wasteful and irrational. You should live your life attempting to identify and control those things which you can genuinely control.〞 Seek true pleasure
[F] To have a meaningful, happy life we need friends. But according to Aristotle—a student of Plato and teacher of Alexander the Great—most relationships don’t qualify as true friendships. “Just because I have a business relationship with an individual and I can profit from that relationship, it does not necessarily mean that this person is my friend,〞 Soupios says. “Real friendship is when two individuals share the same soul. It is a beautiful and uncharacteristically poetic image that Aristotle offers.〞
[G] In our pursuit of the good life, he says, it is important to seek out true pleasures—advice which was originally offered by Epicurus. But unlike the modern definition of Epicureanism as a life of indulgence ( 放纵 ) and luxury, for the ancient Greeks, it meant finding a state of calm, peace and mental ease.
[H] “This was the highest and most desirable form of pleasure and happiness for the ancient Epicureans,〞 Soupios says. “This is something that is very much well worth considering here in the modern era. I do not think that we spend nearly enough time trying to concentrate on achieving a sort of calmness, a sort of contentment in mental and spiritual way, which was identified by these people as the highest form of happiness and pleasure.〞 Do good to others
[I] Other golden rules counsel us to master ourselves, to avoid excess and not to be a prosperous ( 发迹的 ) fool. There are also rules dealing with interpersonal relationships: Be a responsible human being and do not do evil things to others.
[J] “This is Hesiod, of course, a younger contemporary poet, we believe, with Homer,〞 Soupios says. “Hesiod offers an idea—which you very often find in some of the world’s great religions, in the Judeo-Christian tradition and in Islam and others—that in some sense, when you hurt another human being, you hurt yourself. That damaging other people in your community and in your life,
trashing relationships, results in a kind of self-inflicted ( 自己招致的 ) spiritual wound.〞 [K] Instead, Soupios says, ancient wisdom urges us to do good. Golden Rule No.10 for a good life is that kindness toward others tends to be rewarded.
[L] “This is Aesop, the fabulist ( 寓言家 ), the man of these charming little tales, often told in terms of animals and animal relationships,〞 he says. “I think what Aesop was suggesting is that when you offer a good turn to another human being, one can hope that that good deed will come back and sort of pay a profit to you, the doer of the good deed. Even if there is no concrete benefit paid in response to your good deed, at the very least, the doer of the good deed has the opportunity to enjoy a kind of spiritually enlightened moment.〞
[M] Soupios says following the 10 Golden Rules based on ancient wisdom can guide us to the path of the good life where we stop living as onlookers and become engaged and happier human beings. And that, he notes, is a life worth living. 注意：此局部试题请在答题卡 2 上作答。 36. According to an ancient Greek philosopher, it is impossible for us to understand every aspect of our life.
37. Ancient Philosophers saw life in a different light from people of today. 38. Not all your business partners are your soul mates.
39. We can live a peaceful life despite the various challenges of the modern world.
40. The doer of a good deed can feel spiritually rewarded even when they gain no concrete benefits.
41. How to achieve mental calmness and contentment is well worth our consideration today. 42. Michael Soupios suggests that we should stop and think carefully about our priorities in life. 43. Ancient philosophers strongly advise that we do good.
44. The wise teachings of ancient Greek thinkers are timeless, and are applicable to contemporary life.
45. Do harm to others and you do harm to yourself. Section C
Direction: There are two passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the center.
Passage One
Questions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage.
Attitudes toward new technologies often fall along generational lines. That is, generally, younger people tend to outnumber older people on the front end of a technological shift.
It is not always the case, though. When you look at attitudes toward driverless cars, there doesn’t seem to be a clear generational divide. The public overall is split on whether they’d like to use a driverless car. In a study last year, of all people surveyed, 48 percent said they wanted to ride in one, while 50 percent did not.
The fact that attitudes toward self-driving cars appear to be so steady across generations suggests how transformative the shift to driverless cars could be. Not everyone wants a driverless car now—and no one can get one yet—but among those who are open to them, every age group is similarly engaged.
Actually, this isn’t surprising. Whereas older generations are sometimes reluctant to adopt new technologies, driverless cars promise real value to these age groups in particular. Older adults, especially those with limited mobility or difficulty driving on their own, are one of the classic use cases for driverless cars.
This is especially interesting when you consider that younger people are generally more interested in travel-related technologies than older ones.
When it comes to driverless cars, differences in attitude are more pronounced based on factors not related to age. College graduates, for example, are particularly interested in driverless cars compared with those who have less education: 59 percent of college graduates said they would like to use a driverless car compared with 38 percent of those with a high-school diploma or less. Where a person lives matters, too. More people who lives in cities and suburbs said they wanted to try driverless cars than those who lived in rural areas.
While there’s reason to believe that interest in self-driving cars is going up across the board, a person’s age will have little to do with how self-driving cars can become mainstream. Once driverless cares are actually available for sale, the early adopters will be the people who can afford to buy them.
46. What happens when a new technology emerges? A) It further widens the gap between the old and the young. B) It often leads to innovations in other related fields.
C) It contributes greatly to the advance of society as a whole. D) It usually draws different reactions from different age groups. 47. What does the author say about the driverless car? A) It does not seem to create a generational divide. B) It will not necessarily reduce road accidents. C) It may start a revolution in the car industry. D) It has given rise to unrealistic expectations.
48. Why does the driverless car appeal to some old people?
A) It saves their energy. B) It helps with their mobility. C) It adds to the safety of their travel. D) It stirs up their interest in life. 49. What is likely to affect one’s attitude toward the driverless car?
A) The location of their residence. B) The field of their special interest C) The amount of training they received. D) The length of their driving experience. 50. Who are likely to be the first to buy the driverless car? A) The senior. B) The educated. C) The wealthy. D) The tech fans. Passage Two
Question 51 to 55 are based on the following passage.
In agrarian ( 农业的 ), pre-industrial Europe, “you’d want to wake up early, start working with the sunrise, have a break to have the largest meal, and then you’d go back to work,〞 says Ken Albala, a professor of history at the University of the Pacific, “Later, at 5 or 6, you’d have a smaller supper.〞
This comfortable cycle, in which the rhythms of the day helped shape the rhythms of the meals, gave rise to the custom of the large midday meal, eaten with the extended family. “Meals are the foundation of the family,〞 says Carole Counihan, a professor at Millersville University in Pensylvania, “so there was a very important interconnection between eating together〞 and strengthening family ties.
Since industrialization, maintaining such a slow cultural metabolism has been much harder, with the long midday meal shrinking to whatever could be stuffed into a lunch bucket or bought at a food stand. Certainly, there were benefits. Modern techniques for producing and shipping food led to greater variety and quantity, including a tremendous increase in the amount of animal protein and dairy products available, making us more vigorous than our ancestors.
Yet plenty has been lost too, even in cultures that still live to eat. Take Italy. It’s no secret that the Mediterranean diet is healthy, but it was also a joy to prepare and eat. Italians, says Counihan, traditionally began the day with a small meal. The big meal came at around 1 p.m. In between the midday meal and a late, smaller dinner came a small snack. Today, when time zones have less and less meaning, there is little tolerance for offices’ closing for lunch, and worsening traffic in cities means workers can’t make it home and back fast enough anyway. So the formerly small supper after sundown becomes the big meal of the day, the only one at which the family has a chance to get together. “The evening meal carries the full burden that used to be spread over two meals,〞 says Counihan.
51. What do we learn from the passage about people in pre-industrial Europe? A) They had to work from early morning till late at night. B) They were so busy working that they only ate simple meals. C) Their daily routine followed the rhythm of the natural cycle. D) Their life was much more comfortable than that of today.
52. What does Professor Carole Counihan say about pre-industrial European families eating meals together?
A) It was helpful to maintaining a nation’s tradition. B) It brought family members closer to each other.
C) It was characteristic of the agrarian culture. D) It enabled families to save a lot of money. 53. What does “cultural metabolism〞 (Line 1, Para. 3) refer to? A) Evolutionary adaptation. B) Changes in lifestyle. C) Social progress. D) Pace of life.
54. What does the author think of the food people eat today?
A) Its quality is usually guaranteed. B) It is varied, abundant and nutritious.
C) It is more costly than what our ancestors ate. D) Its production depends too much on
technology.
55. What does the author say about Italians of the old days?
A) They enjoyed cooking as well as eating. B) They ate a big dinner late in the evening. C) They ate three meals regularly every day. D) They were expert at cooking meals. Part Ⅲ Translation (30 minutes)
Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to translate a passage from Chinese into English. You should write your answer on Answer Sheet 2.
乌镇是浙江的一座古老水镇，坐落在京杭大运河畔。这是一处迷人的地方，有许多古桥、中式旅店和餐馆。在过去一千年里，乌镇的水系和生活方式并未经历多少变化，是一座展现古文明的博物馆。乌镇所有房屋都用石木建造。 数百年来， 当地人沿着河边建起了住宅和集市。 无数宽阔美丽的庭院藏身于屋舍之间，游客们每到一处都有会惊喜的发现。 注意：此局部试题请在答题卡 2 上作答。
2021 年 6 月大学英语四级考试真题〔第三套〕解析 Part I Writing 【参考范文】 June 18, 2021
Dear Mom and Dad, I would like to extend my heartfelt thanks to you for your many years of selfless love and support. I want to let you know how much I love you and how much I appreciate all that you have given me. You support me not only materially but also spiritually. You have always encouraged me no matter how hard the endeavor. When I succeed, both of you are more excited than me, and you never stop motivating me to do better. When I fail, you always encourage me not to give up. Your encouragement is the best incentive for me to move on. Your selfless contribution made it possible for me to pass the college entrance examination with a high score. I cherish the familial affection you have shown me. I will study hard to be a useful person and won’t disappoint you. Love, Jenny Part Ⅲ Reading Comprehension Section A 【空词预测】
第 26、27、31 题填形容词 第 28 题填副词
第 29、30、33、35 题填动词 第 32、34 题填名词 试题解析 【话题分类】科技
【文章大意】无线电子设备如 iPad 正在越来越多地被应用到医院的诊疗当中，甚至医学院的课程当中，研究显示这些设备的应用有助于改善医生的工作环境，患者也容易理解自己的病情。 【答案解析】
26. G) growing。此空为名词 popularity 的限定词，应是一个带有形容词性质的词汇，备选项 A，G，L，N中只有 G 项 growing 符合题意。本句意为： 电子医疗记录普及率越来越高。
27. A) dependent。此空为 hospital-based doctors 的表语，且后面与介词 on 搭配，在备选项 A，L，N 中只有 A 项 dependent 符合题意。短语 be dependent on sth. 意为：依赖。此处意思是医院里的医生一天到晚 依赖电脑。
28. C) fast。此句有一个插入语 which keep doctors from besides，其主语为 desktops，谓语为 give away，用了如今进展时。故此空是修饰谓语的，应为副词。备选项 C 和 K 中，C 项 fast 符合题意。此句意思是让医生分开病床的台式机在很快让位于无线设备。
29. F) give。此空为动词原形和 had to 搭配。备选项 F 项 give 符合题意。此句意思是随着日常事务的增加，有些事还必须得办。
30. H) launch。此空为 a pilot project 的谓语，且前面和 helped 动词搭配，应为动词原形。只有备选项 H 项launch 符合题意。launch a pilot project 意为： 开展实验工程。
31. N) successful。此空为 The experiment 的表语，且为 so…that… 句型的一局部，B，D，E，L，N 中只有N 项 successful 符合题意，意思是实验如此成功，以致于……。 32. I) policy。此空为名词，作 adopted 的宾语。在备选项 I，J，M，O 当中，和 adopted 搭配且符合题意的为选项 I 项 policy，意为： 采取一样的策略 / 做法。
33. B) designed。 此空为 lab coats 的后置定语， 其后为 pockets。 因此， lab coats designed with pockets 符合题意，此句中 designed 为过去分词表示被动。
34. O) treatments。此空需要一个和 tests 并列的名词，作 got 的宾语。只有备选项 O 项 treatments 符合题意。tests and treatments 意为： 检查和治疗。
35. E) gained。此空为 patients 的谓语，后面和 a better understanding 搭配，且时态应为过去时。因此备选项 E 项 gained 在语法和意义上与其搭配，意为： 有更好的理解。 Section B
【话题分类】文学与艺术
【文章大意】本文介绍了?十大黄金法那么——论希腊哲学的古老智慧对美妙生活的影响?这本书所传达的古希腊智慧对幸福生活的正面影响，如：审视自己的生活，不要担忧自己无法控制的事情，追求真正的快乐，帮助别人等。 【考核技能】综合才能
36. According to an ancient Greek philosopher, it is impossible for us to understand every aspect of our life. 【正确答案】D
【答案解析】题干大意为：根据古希腊哲学家，我们不可能理解生活的每一面。原文 D 段提到： There is a larger plan in life. You are not really going to be able to understand all of the dimensions of this plan〔生活有个更大的规划， 你不可能真正理解这个规划的所有方面〕 ，题干是对该句的同义转换，故此题匹配 D段。
37. Ancient Philosophers saw life in a different light from people of today. 【正确答案】B
【答案解析】题干大意为：古代哲学家对待生活跟现代人不同。根据原文 B 段最后一句： The nice thing about ancient philosophy as offered by the Greeks is that they tended to see life clear and whole, in a way that we tend not to see life today〔好事是，希腊人的古代哲学总是以明晰、完好的思路对待生活，而我们当代人并不这么看生活〕 。题干与本句意思相符，故此题对应 B 段。
38. Not all your business partners are your soul mates. 【正确答案】F
【答案解析】题干大意为：并非所有的生意伙伴都是你的精神伴侣。根据原文 F 段的描绘： Just because I have a business relationship with an individual and I can profit from that relationship, it does not necessarily mean that this person is my friend〔仅仅因为我跟某人有生意上的关系，并能从这段关系中受益，并不一 定意味着这个人就是我的朋友〕 ，即并非所有的生意伙伴都能开展为真正的友谊，所以此题选 F 段。
39. We can live a peaceful life despite the various challenges of the modern world. 【正确答案】A
【答案解析】题干大意为：尽管现代社会充满着各种挑战，我们仍然可以过上和平的生活。原文开篇 A
段就对此提出问题： Is it possible to enjoy a peaceful life in a world that is increasingly challenged by threats and uncertainties from wars, terrorism, economic crises and a widespread outbreak of infectious diseases〔有 可能在这样一个世界过上和平的生活吗？这个世界日益受到各种威胁和不确定性的挑战：战争、恐惧 主义、 经济危机和传染病的蔓延性的爆发〕 。作者的答复是肯定的： The answer is yes。所以此题选 A 段。
40. The doer of a good deed can feel spiritually rewarded even when they gain no concrete benefits. 【正确答案】L
【答案解析】根据题干中的关键信息： The doer of a good deed 和 concrete benefits 可将答
案定位至原文 L 段： Even if there is no concrete benefit paid in response to your good deed, at the very least, the doer of the good deed has the opportunity to enjoy a kind of spiritually enlightened moment〔尽管对你的善行没有详细 的回报，但至少，行善之人有时机享受到一种精神受到启发的时刻〕 ，所以 L 段符合此题。
41. How to achieve mental calmness and contentment is well worth our consideration today. 【正确答案】H
【答案解析】根据题干中的关键信息： mental，calmness，contentment 和 consider 可将答案定位至原文 H 段： This is something that is very much well worth considering here in the modern era〔这是很值得现代人 考虑的事情〕 。接着作者认为我们没有花足够的时间去专注获得一种安宁，一种心灵和精神的满足感。 所以此题与 H 段相匹配。
42. Michael Soupios suggests that we should stop and think carefully about our priorities in life. 【正确答案】C
【答案解析】根据题干中的关键信息： Michael Soupios，stop，think 和 priorities 等词，可将答案定位到原 文 C 段最后一句： stop and reflect about things like our priorities, our values, and our relationships〔停下来并 反思下我们的当务之急、价值观和关系等此类事情〕 ，题干的 think carefully 对应原文的 reflect，故此题 选 C 段。 43. Ancient philosophers strongly advise that we do good. 【正确答案】K
【答案解析】根据题干关键词 do good 可将答案定位到副标题为 Do good to others 的段落。此题题干 大意是：古代哲学家强烈建议我们行善事。在此局部的 K 段第一句提到： ancient wisdom urges us to do good〔古老智慧竭力主张我们行善事〕 ，很显然，此题与 K 段相匹配。
44. The wise teachings of ancient Greek thinkers are timeless, and are applicable to contemporary life.
【正确答案】B
【答案解析】此题题干大意为：古希腊哲学家的智慧教义是无限的，并同样适用于当代的生活。由题 干关键词 timeless 可将答案定位到原文 B 段的第一句： The wisdom of the ancient Greek philosophers is timeless〔古希腊哲学家的智慧是无限的〕 ，第二句： it is as relevant today as when it was first written many centuries ago〔它在今天和在数世纪以前第一次写出时一样的中肯〕 ，所以此题匹配 B 段。 45. Do harm to others and you do harm to yourself.
【正确答案】J
【答案解析】此题题干大意为：伤人伤己。根据原文 L 段： when you hurt another human being, you hurt yourself〔当你伤害别人时，你也伤害了自己〕 。题干的 do harm to 与原文的 hurt 同义，所以此题与 J 段 匹配。 Section C Passage One 【话题分类】科技 【话题分类】价值观念
【文章大意】本文针对无人驾驶汽车进展了讨论， 调查证明对无人驾驶汽车态度的不同跟年龄关系不大， 学历、地域等因素会对其产生影响。 46.【正确答案】 D 【考核技能】缘由结果
【答案解析】根据原文第一段首句： Attitudes toward new technologies often fall along generational lines〔对 待新科技的态度往往沿着年龄线而分〕 ， 即不同的年龄群体对待新科技的反响不同， 所以此题 D 项正确。 47. 【正确答案】 A 【考核技能】态度信息
【答案解析】原文第二段提到： When you look at attitudes toward driverless cars, there doesn’t seem to be a clear generational divide〔对待无人驾驶汽车的态度，似乎并没有很明显的年龄划分〕 ，这与 A 项表达完 全相符，所以此题选 A。 48. 【正确答案】 B 【考核技能】缘由结果
【答案解析】此题问为什么无人驾驶汽车受到老年人的欢送，原文第四段对此给出理解释： Older adults, especially those with limited mobility or difficulty driving on their own, are one of the classic use cases for driverless cars〔尤其对那些行动受限或者自己开车困难的老年人而言，他们会是无人驾驶汽车的经典 用户〕 ，B 项符合原文的解释，应选 B。 49. 【正确答案】 A 【考核技能】缘由结果
【答案解析】此题问什么原因最可能影响对待无人驾驶汽车的态度；原文第六段和第七段概述了影响无 人驾驶汽车的态度：第六段提到了教育程度；而第七段提到的是： Where a person lives matters, too〔一 个人住哪里也会有影响〕 。选项中 A 项符合其中一个因素，所以此题选 A。 50. 【正确答案】 C 【考核技能】主要人物
【答案解析】根据答案顺序原那么，可将答案优先定位至尾段，根据最后一句： Once driverless cars are actually available for sale, the early adopters will be the people who can afford to buy them〔一旦无人驾驶汽 车真的上市，那么早期的购置者会是那些有支付才能的人〕 ，故此题 C 选项 The wealthy〔富人〕正确。 Passage Two 【话题分类】安康
【文章大意】本篇文章主要讲述了工业革命前后人们饮食习惯的不同，工业化之前的饮食习惯是全部家 庭成员一起吃。随着工业化的出现，不仅食品数量、品种变得越来越丰富，也更加有营养。 51.【正确答案】C 【考核技能】主旨大意
【答案解析】由题干中的关键词 pre-industrial Europe 可将答案定位至第一段。根据 Ken Albala 对这一 段时期生活的描绘〔you’d want to wake up early, start working with the sunrise, have a break to have the largest meal, and then you’d go back to work. Later, at 5 or 6, you’d have a smaller supper〕可推知，人们根 据自然规律调整饮食作息，应选 C。 52.【正确答案】B 【考核技能】观点意见
【答案解析】由题干的关键词 Professor Carole Counihan， 以及所描绘的时期 pre-industrial Europe。由此 可将答案定位在文章第二段。Carole Counihan 说： Meals are the foundation of the family〔饭是家庭的基 石〕 。B 项是对原文的转述。 53.【正确答案】D 【考核技能】语义理解
【答案解析】第三段提到： Since industrialization, maintaining such a slow cultural metabolism has been much harder〔自从工业化以来，保持这样一种慢的“文化代谢〞非常困难〕 ，下面
进一步补充： with the long midday meal shrinking to whatever could be stuffed into a lunch bucket or bought at a food stand〔午餐的用餐 习惯变成了吃盒饭或到食品摊上买着吃〕 ，由此可知 cultural metabolism 指的是生活节奏，应选 D。 54.【正确答案】B 【考核技能】观点意见
【答案解析】第三段提到： Modern techniques for producing and shipping food led to greater variety and quantity, including a tremendous increase in the amount of animal protein and dairy products available, making us more vigorous than our ancestors〔由现代技术消费和运输的食物，品种多样，数量增加，动物蛋白和乳制品丰 富，使得我们与祖先相比，更有活力〕 ，由此可知现代科技提供了品种多样、数量充足、有营养的食物， 人们的饮食发生了变化，B 项是对原文的概括。 55.【正确答案】A 【考核技能】观点意见
【答案解析】根据题干的关键词 Italians of the old day 可将答案锁定在最后一段，文中提到： but it was also a joy to prepare and eat，由此可知人们喜欢做饭的过程也喜欢吃饭，故推知答案为 A。 Part Ⅲ Translation 【参考译文】
Wuzhen, an ancient watertown in Zhejiang Province, is located on the riverside of the Beijing-Hangzhou Grand Canal. It is a charming place with many ancient bridges, Chinese-style hotels and restaurants. In the past 1,000 years, the water system and the lifestyle there changed little, and the town is thus a museum of ancient civilization. All the houses of Wuzhen are made of stone and wood. Over hundreds of years, the locals have built houses and markets along the river. Many beautiful and spacious courtyards are hidden among the houses, offering the tourists surprises everywhere they go.
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