一、Part Ⅰ Writing(总题数：1，分数：106.50)
Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay on the saying “The best preparation for tomorrow is doing your best today.” You should write at least 150 words but no more than 200 words.（分数：106.50）
__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：(
There is a famous saying that the best preparation for tomorrow is to do good work today. Simple as the saying is, it informs us that one doesn't need to worry about the future if he can seize the moment.
It is generally believed that taking immediate action is of great importance. Doing good work today enables people to achieve their great goals step by step. Assume a college student who is indulged in his wishful thinking of passing the CET-6 exam with a high score without any efforts and hardwork， and he will be devastated to accept the reality when he fails. The same thing may be said of some grown-ups who aspire to gain fame and fortune but never bother to put their splendid plans into practice immediately.
Therefore, by some means or other we must take action to pursue our goals. It is necessary for us to aim high but our behaviors should also deserve our dreams. We are supposed to put our efforts into every single day and never look down upon those little tasks. Only in this way can we fulfill our dreams. )
解析：
二、Part Ⅱ Listening Comprehension(总题数：0，分数：0.00) 三、Section A(总题数：2，分数：56.80)
Questions 1 to 4 are based on the conversation you have just heard.（分数：28.4）
Questions 1 to 4 are based on the conversation you have just heard.（分数：28.4） (1).（分数：7.1）
A.She is a great athlete. （正确答案） B.She is a famed speaker. C.She is a famous scientist. D.She is a noted inventor. 解析：
对话开头提到说:“安娜·桑彻斯是三届奥运会冠军”，可知，她是一位很棒的运动员。故选项A正确。 【听力原文】
M: Tonight, we have a very special guest. Mrs. Anna Sanchez is a three time Olympic champion and author of the new book To the Edge. Mrs Sanchez, thank you for joining us. W: Thank you for having me.
M: Let's start with your book. What does the title To the Edge mean? What are you referring to?
W: The book is about how science and technology has helped push humans to the edge of their physical abilities. I argue that in the past 20 years we have had the best athletes the world has ever seen.
M: But is this a fair comparison? How do you know, how, say, a football player from 50 years ago would compare to one today? W: Well, you are right. That comparison would be perhaps impossible to make. But the point is more about our knowledge today of human biochemistry, nutrition and mechanics. I believe that while our bodies have not changed in thousands of years,
what has changed is the scientific knowledge. This has allowed athletes to push the limits of what was previously thought possible.
M: That's interesting. Please tell us more about these perceived limits.
W: The world has seen sports records being broken that could only be broken with the aid of technology, whether this be the speed of a tennis serve or the fastest time in 100 meter dash or 200 meter swimming race.
M: Is there any concern that technology is giving some athletes an unfair advantage over others?
W: That is an interesting question and one that has to be considered very carefully. Skis, for example, went from being made of wood to a metal alloy, which allows for better control and faster speed. There is no stopping technological progress. But, as I said, each situation should be considered carefully on a case by case basis.
Questions1. What do we learn about Anna Sanchez? Questions2. What is the woman's book mainly about?
Questions3. What has changed in the past thousands of years? Questions4. What is the man's concern about the use of technology in sports competitions? (2).（分数：7.1）
A.How knowledge of human biochemistry has been evolving. B.How nutrition helps athletes' performance in competitions C.How scientific training enables athletes to set new records.
D.How technology has helped athletes to scale new heights. （正确答案） 解析：
对话中女士介绍说，她的书是关于科技是如何帮助人们挑战身体极限的。D项中的scale new heights(达到新的高度)是对话中 push
humans to the edge of their physical abilities(挑战身体能力的极限)的同义转述。故选项D正确。 (3).（分数：7.1）
A.Our physical structures.
B.Our scientific knowledge. （正确答案） C.Our biochemical process. D.Our concept of nutrition. 解析：
对话中女士明确指出，在她看来，我们的身体在过去的几千年里其实并没有什么改变，改变的是科学知识。故选项B正确。 (4).（分数：7.1）
A.It may increase the expenses of sports competitions. B.It may lead to athletes' over reliance on equipment. C.It may give an unfair advantage to some athletes. （正确答案）
D.It may change the nature of sports competitions. 解析：
男士的最后一个问题表达出了他的担忧。他问女士，对于其他运动员而言，科技是否会给某些运动员带来不公平的优势。因此，他担心的是科技会导致运动员之间的不平等竞争，故选项C正确。
Questions 5 to 8 are based on the conversations you have just heard.（分数：28.4）
Questions 5 to 8 are based on the conversations you have just heard.（分数：28.4） (1).（分数：7.1） A.Experience.
B.Flexibility. （正确答案） C.Family background. D.Business connections. 解析：
女士在谈到自己做国际贸易时说，趋势和需求一直都在变化，所以想要成功就要非常灵活。故选项B正确。
【听力原文】
W: I've worked in international trade all my life. My father did so too before me. So I guess you could say it runs in the family.
M: What products have you worked with?
W: All sorts, really. I've imported textiles, machinery, toys, solar panels, all kinds of things over the years. Trends and demand come and go. So one needs to be very flexible to succeed in this industry.
M: I see. What goods are you trading now?
W: I now import furniture from China into Italy and foods from Italy into China. I even use the same container. It's a very efficient way of conducting trade.
M: The same container? You mean you own a 40-foot cargo container?
W: Yeah, that's right. I have a warehouse in Genoa, Italy and another in Shanghai. I source mid-century modern furniture from different factories in China. It's very good value for money. I collect it all in my warehouse and then dispatch it to my other warehouse in Italy. Over there I do the same, but with Italian foods instead of furniture, things like pasta, cheese, wine, chocolates. And I send all that to my warehouse in China in the same freight container I use for the furniture.
M: So I presume you sell both lines of products wholesale in each respective country.
W: Of course. I possess a network of clients and partners in both countries. That's the main benefit of having done this for so long. I've made great business contacts over time. M: How many times do you ship?
W: I did 12 shipments last year, 18 this year, and I hope to grow to around 25 next year. That's both ways, there and back again. Demand for authentic Italian food in China is growing
rapidly. And similarly, sales of affordable, yet stylish wooden furniture are also increasing in Italy. Furniture is marginally more profitable, mostly because it enjoys lower customs duties. Q5: What does the woman think is required to be successful in international trade?
Q6: What does the woman say is special about her way of doing trade?
Q7: What does the woman have in both Italy and China? Q8: What does the woman say makes furniture marginally more profitable? (2).（分数：7.1）
A.Buying directly from factories. B.Shipping goods in bulk by sea.
C.Having partners in many parts of the world.
D.Using the same container back and forth. （正确答案） 解析：
女士的言语中并没有提到special一词，她只是说在中国和意大利之间进行贸易时，她选择使用同一个集装箱，而此后男士惊异的话语让我们意识到这是非常少见的。故选项D正确。 (3).（分数：7.1）
A.Warehouses. （正确答案） B.Factories. C.Investors. D.Retailers. 解析：
对话中女士提到，她在意大利热那亚有一间仓库，在中国上海有另一间仓库。故选项A正确。 (4).（分数：7.1） A.Trendy style. B.Unique design.
C.Lower import duties. （正确答案） D.Lower shipping costs.
解析：
对话最后，女士明确指出，之所以家具的利润稍微高一点，是因为家具的关税低一些。故选项C正确。
四、Section B(总题数：2，分数：49.70)
Questions 9 to 11 are based on the passage you have just heard.（分数：21.3）
Questions 9 to 11 are based on the passage you have just heard.（分数：21.3） (1).（分数：7.1）
A.It helps employees to reduce their stress. （正确答案） B.It prevents employees from feeling bored. C.It strengthens harmony among employees.
D.It helps employees to view things positively. 解析：
短文通篇都在讨论幽默对办公室气氛的益处，其中提到幽默会让办公室中充满童趣，接下来又提到，在权力等级分明的大公司，压力没有出口。综合考虑，幽默可以帮助员工减轻压力。故选项A正确。 【听力原文】
“Too many people view their jobs as a five-day prison from which they are paroled every Friday,” says Joel Goodman, founder of the Humour Project, a humour consulting group in Saratoga Springs, New York. Humour unlocks the office prison because it lets adults bring some of their childlike spirit to the job.
According to Howard Pollio, professor of psychology at the University of Tennessee, Knoxville, an office with humour breaks is an office with satisfied and productive employees. Pollio conducted a study that proved humour can help workers excel at routine production tasks. Employees perform better when they have fun.
In large corporations with a hierarchy of power, there is often no outlet for stress. “Every company needs underground ways of poking fun at the organization,” says Lynn ... Mark, a speaker on workplace humour for St. Mary's Health Centre in St. Louis.
Kodak's Rochester, New York branch discovered a way for its 20000 employees to uncork their bottled-up resentments. Their 1000-square-foot Humour Room features a toy store. Among the room's many stress-reducing gadgets, the main attraction is a boss doll with detachable arms and legs. Employees can take the doll apart as long as they put its arms and legs back in place. Sandy Cohen, owner of a graphic print production business, created the Quote Board to document the bizarre phrases people say when under strict deadlines. “When you're under stress, you say stupid things,” says Cohen. “Now we just look at each other and say, that's one for the Quote Board.”
Questions9. What does the passage say about humour in the workplace?
Questions10. What does the study by Howard Pollio show? Questions11. What can Kodak's employees do in the Humour Room? (2).（分数：7.1）
A.Weekends are conducive to reducing stress. B.Humor is vital to interpersonal relationships. C.AlI workers experience some emotional stress.
D.Humor can help workers excel at routine tasks. （正确答案） 解析：
短文中明确指出，霍华德·波利奥的研究证明，幽默可以使员工在日常的生产任务中表现更加出色。故选项D正确。 (3).（分数：7.1）
A.Smash the toys to release their bottled-up resentments.
B.Take the boss doll apart as long as they reassemble it. （正确答案）
C.Design and install stress-reducing gadgets. D.Strike at the boss doll as hard as they like. 解析：
短文中提到，纽约罗切斯特的柯达分公司发现了一个让员工释放不满的方法﹐他们打造了一间幽默屋，它以玩具店为特色，在众多的减压物品中，最吸引人的就是老板模样的玩偶，其胳膊和腿是可拆卸的，只要员工之后可以再把玩偶的胳膊和腿装回去，他们就可以将玩偶拆散。故选项B正确。
Questions 12 to 15 are based on the passage you have just heard.（分数：28.4）
Questions 12 to 15 are based on the passage you have just heard.（分数：28.4） (1).（分数：7.1）
A.The recent finding of a changed gene in obese mice. （正确答案）
B.A breakthrough in understanding gene modification. C.A newly discovered way for people to lose weight. D.The self-repairing ability of a gene in obese mice. 解析：
短文开头就点明，最近在肥胖老鼠体内发现的一种变异基因引起了公众的兴趣。故选项A正确。 【听力原文】
Public interest was aroused by the latest discovery of a changed gene in obese mice. The news was made known by Rockefeller University geneticist Jeffrey Friedman. The researchers believe this gene influences development of a hormone that tells the organism how fat or full it is. Those with the changed gene may not sense when they have eaten enough or if they have sufficient fatty tissue, and thus can't tell when to stop eating.
The researchers also reported finding a gene nearly identical to the mouse obesity gene in humans. The operation of this gene in humans has not yet been demonstrated, however. Still, professionals like University of Vermont psychologist Esther Rothblum reacted enthusiastically: “This research indicates that people really are born with a tendency to have a certain weight, just as they are to have a particular skin color or height.”
Actually, behavioral geneticists believe that less than half of total weight variation is programmed in the genes, while height is almost entirely genetically determined.
Whatever role genes play, Americans are getting fatter. A survey by the Center for Disease Control found that obesity has increased greatly over the last 10 years. Such rapid change underlines the role of environmental factors, like the abundance of rich foods, in Americans' overeating.
The Center for Disease Control has also found that teens are far less physically active than they were even a decade ago. Accepting that weight is predetermined can relieve guilt for overweight people. But people's belief that they cannot control their weight can itself contribute to obesity.
Q12: What does the speaker say has aroused public interest? Q13: What do we learn about the changed gene?
Q14: What does University of Vermont psychologist Esther Rothblum say?
Q15: What accounts for Americans' obesity according to a survey by the Center for Disease Control? (2).（分数：7.1）
A.It renders an organism unable to fight diseases. B.It prevents the mice's fatly tissues from growing. C.It helps organisms adapt to environmental changes.
D.It renders mice unable to sense when to stop eating. （正确答案） 解析：
短文中提到，拥有这种变异基因的老鼠可能无法感知自己已经吃饱了或者已经有了足够的脂肪组织，所以无法知道何时停止进食。故选项D正确。
(3).（分数：7.1）
A.Human beings have more obesity genes than most mice do. B.HaIf of a person's total weight variation can be controlled.
C.People are born with a tendency to have a certain weight. （正确答案）
D.The function of the obesity genes is yet to be explored. 解析：
短文中提到，埃斯特·罗思布卢姆的研究表明人的体重范围是天生的，就如同人类的肤色和身高一样。故选项C正确。 (4).（分数：7.1）
A.The worsening of natural environment.
B.The abundant provision of rich foods. （正确答案） C.The accelerated pace of present-day life. D.The adverse impact of the food industry. 解析：
短文中提到，疾病控制中心的一项研究发现，美国人的肥胖率在过去的10年里大幅上升，如此迅速的变化突出了环境因素的作用，例如大量的油腻食物以及美国人的暴饮暴食。故选项B正确。 五、Section C(总题数：3，分数：142.00)
Questions 16 to 18 are based on the recording you have just heard.（分数：42.6）
Questions 16 to 18 are based on the recording you have just heard.（分数：42.6） (1).（分数：14.2）
A.Similarity in interests. （正确答案） B.Mental stimulation. C.Openness. D.Compassion. 解析：
讲座中明确提到，当被问到密友关系中的重要因素时，男性不怎么在意坦诚、同情心或者精神激励，有77%的男性认为有相似的兴趣爱好最为重要。故选项A正确。 【听力原文】
Qualities of a relationship, such as openness, compassion, and mental stimulation are of concern to most of us regardless of sex, but – judging from the questionnaire response – they are more important to women than to men.
Asked to consider the ingredients of close friendship, women rated these qualities above all others. Men assigned a lower priority to them in favor of similarity in interests, selected by 77% of men, and responsiveness in a crisis, chosen by 61% of male respondents. Mental stimulation, ranked third in popularity by men as well as women, was the only area of overlap. Among men, only 28% named openness as an important quality; caring was picked by just 23%.
It is evident by their selections that when women speak of close friendships they are referring to emotional factors, while men emphasize the pleasure they find in a friend's company. That is, when a man speaks of “a friend” he is likely to be talking about someone he does things with – a teammate, a fellow hobbyist, a drinking buddy. These activities are the fabric of the friendship; it is a “doing” relationship in which similarity in interests is the key bond. This factor was a consideration of less than 11% of women. Women opt for a warm, emotional atmosphere where communication flows freely; activity is mere background.
Lastly, men, as we have seen, have serious questions about each other's loyalty. Perhaps this is why they placed such strong emphasis on responsiveness in a crisis – “someone I can call on for help.” Women, as their testimonies indicate, are generally more secure with each other and consequently are more likely to treat this issue lightly. In follow-up interviews this was confirmed numerous times as woman after woman indicated that “being there when needed was taken for granted.”
As for the hazards of friendship, more than a few relationships have been shattered because of cutthroat competition and feelings of betrayal. This applies to both men and women, but unequally. In comparison, nearly twice as many men complained about these issues as women. Further, while competition and betrayal are the main thorns to female friendship, men are plagued in almost equal amounts by two additional issues: lack of frankness and a fear of appearing unmanly. Obviously, for a man, a good friendship is hard to find.
Q16: What quality do men value most concerning friendship, according to a questionnaire response?
Q17: What do women refer to when speaking of close friendships? Q18: What may threaten a friendship for both men and women? (2).（分数：14.2）
A.The willingness to offer timely help. B.The joy found in each other's company. C.Personal bonds.
D.Emotional factors. （正确答案） 解析：
讲座中明确提到，说到亲密的友谊时，女性指的是情感因素。故选项D正确。
(3).（分数：14.2）
A.Failure to keep a promise.
B.Lack of frankness.
C.Feelings of betrayal. （正确答案） D.Loss of contact. 解析：
讲座中提到，至于危害友谊的因素，不管是男性还是女性，很多关系都因激烈的竞争和背叛的感觉而破裂。故选项C正确。
Questions 19 to 21 are based on the recording you have just heard.（分数：42.6）
Questions 19 to 21 are based on the recording you have just heard.（分数：42.6） (1).（分数：14.2）
A.Along the low-lying Colorado River. B.At the Dinosaur National Monument.
C.Along the border of the U. S. and Canada.
D.At museums of natural history in large cities. （正确答案） 解析：
讲座中明确提到，在美国和加拿大较大城市的自然历史博物馆里可以看到很多最好的恐龙标本。故选项D正确。 【听力原文】
The partial skeletons of more than 20 dinosaurs and the scattered bones of about 300 more have been discovered in Utah and Colorado at what is now the Dinosaur National Monument. Many of the best specimens may be seen today at museums of natural history in the larger cities of the United States and Canada. This dinosaur pit is the largest and best preserved deposit of dinosaurs known today.
Many people get the idea from the mass of bones in the pit wall that some disaster such as a volcanic explosion or a sudden flood killed a whole herd of dinosaurs in this area. This could have happened but it probably did not.
The main reasons for thinking otherwise are the scattered bones and the thickness of the deposit. In other deposits where the animals were thought to have died together, the skeletons were usually complete and often all the bones were in their proper places. Rounded pieces of fossil bone have been found here. These fragments got their smooth round shape by rolling along the stream bottom. In a mass killing, the bones would have been left on the stream or lake bottom together at the same level. But in this deposit, the bones occur throughout a zone of sandstone about 12 feet thick. The mixture of swamp dwellers and dry-land types also seems to indicate that the deposit is a mixture from different places.
The pit area is a large dinosaur graveyard, not a place where they died. Most of the remains probably floated down an eastward flowing river until they were left on a shallow sandbar. Some of them may have come from far-away dry-land areas to the west. Perhaps they drowned trying to cross a small stream or were washed away during floods. Some of the swamp dwellers may have got stuck in the very sandbar that became their grave; others may have floated for miles before being stranded. Even today similar events take place. When floods come in the spring, sheep, cattle and deer are often trapped by rising waters and often drown. Their dead bodies float downstream until the flood recedes and leaves them stranded on a bar or shore where they lie, half buried in the sand, until they decay. Early travelers on the Missouri river reported that shores and bars were often lined with the decaying bodies of buffalo that had died during spring floods.
Q19: Where can many of the best dinosaur specimens be found in North America?
Q20: What occurs to many people when they see the massive bones in the pit wall?
Q21: What does the speaker suggest about the large number of dinosaur bones found in the pit? (2).（分数：14.2）
A.Volcanic explosions could bring whole animal species to extinction.
B.Some natural disaster killed a whole herd of dinosaurs in the area. （正确答案）
C.The pit should be carefully preserved for the study of dinosaurs.
D.The whole region must have been struck by a devastating flood. 解析：
讲座中提到，很多人看到坑壁上大量的(恐龙)骨骼时,都会猜测或许是像火山爆发或者一场突如其来的大洪水之类的灾害导致了这个地区的恐龙集体灭亡。故选项B正确。 (3).（分数：14.2）
A.They floated down an eastward flowing river. （正确答案） B.They lay buried deep in the sand for millions of years. C.They were skeletons of dinosaurs inhabiting the locality. D.They were remains of dinosaurs killed in a volcanic explosion. 解析：
讲座中讲话者认为，这个坑区是一个巨大的恐龙墓地，而不是它们死亡的地方，大部分遗骸可能是顺着东向的河流漂流而下，最终搁浅在一个沙洲上。故选项A正确。
Questions 22 to 25 are based on the recording you have just heard.（分数：56.8）
Questions 22 to 25 are based on the recording you have just heard.（分数：56.8） (1).（分数：14.2）
A.Indulging in seeking leisure and material comfort. B.Attaching too much importance to independence.
C.Failing to care for parents in the traditional way. （正确答案）
D.Leaving their parents on the verge of starvation. 解析：
讲座开头即点出，这个国家的年轻人被指责不像以前的年轻人那样照顾自己的父母。故选项C正确。 【听力原文】
I would like particularly to talk about the need to develop a new style of aging in our own society. Young people in this country have been accused of not caring for their parents the way they would have in the old country. And this is true. But it is also true that old people have been influenced by an American ideal of independence and autonomy. So we live alone, perhaps on the verge of starvation, in time without friends, but we are independent. This standard American style has been forced on every ethnic group, although there are many groups for whom the ideal is not practical. It is a poor ideal and pursuing it does a great deal of harm.
This ideal of independence also contains a tremendous amount of unselfishness. In talking to today's young mothers, I have asked them what kind of grandmothers they think they are going to be. I hear devoted, loving mothers say that when they are through raising their children, they have no intention of becoming grandmothers. They are astonished to hear that in most of the world throughout most of its history, families have been three- or four-generation families, living under the same roof. We have over-emphasized the small family unit—father, mother, small children. We think it is wonderful if Grandma and Grandpa, if they're still alive, can live alone.
We have reached the point where we think the only thing we can do for our children is to stay out of their way and the only thing we can do for our daughter-in-law is to see as little of
her as possible. Old people's nursing homes, even the best run, are filled with older people who believe the only thing they can do for their children is to look cheerful when they come to visit. So in the end, older people have to devote all their energies to “not being a burden”.
We are beginning to see what a tremendous price we've paid for our emphasis on independence and autonomy. We have isolated old people and we've cut off the children from their grandparents. One of the reasons we have as bad a generation gap today as we do is that grandparents have stepped out. Young people are being deprived of the thing they need most—perspective, to know why their parents behave so peculiarly and why their grandparents say the things they do.
Question 22: What have young Americans been accused of? Question 23: What does the speaker say about old people in the United States?
Question 24: What is astonishing to the young mothers interviewed by the speaker?
Question 25: What does the speaker say older people try their best to do? (2).（分数：14.2）
A.They have great difficulty living fay themselves. B.They have little hope of getting any family care. C.They have fond memories of their good old days.
D.They have a sense of independence and autonomy. （正确答案） 解析：
讲座中提到，美国的老年人受独立自主思想的影响，希望自己能够独立生活。即便是处于饥饿的边缘，没有朋友，但他们是独立的。故选项D正确。
(3).（分数：14.2）
A.People in many parts of the world preferred small-size families.
B.There have been extended families in most parts of the world. （正确答案）
C.Many elderly people were unwilling to take care of their grandchildren.
D.So many young Americans refused to live together with their parents. 解析：
讲座中提到，当接受采访的妈妈们听到世界上有很多地方历来都是三代或四代同堂时，她们感觉很惊讶。故选项B正确。 (4).（分数：14.2）
A.Leave their younger generations alone.
B.Avoid being a burden to their children. （正确答案） C.Stay healthy by engaging in joyful activities. D.View things from their children's perspective. 解析：
讲座中提到，到最后，老年人都在努力使自己不成为孩子们的负担。故选项B正确。
六、Part Ⅲ Reading Comprehension(总题数：0，分数：0.00) 七、Section A(总题数：1，分数：35.50)
The United Nations issued a report last week warning that humans are destroying nature at such a rate that life on Earth is at risk. When the report came out, it naturally 【A1】
________ headlines. But obviously it didn't hijack the news agenda in the manner of a major terrorist attack or 【A2】________ of war.
The report from the Intergovernmental Science-Policy Platform on Biodiversity and Eco-system Services (IPBES)is clear on what's at 【A3】________ and what needs to change. IPBES chair Robert Watson says the“【A4】________ evidence” presents an
“ominous (凶兆的) picture”.“The health of ecosystems on which we and all other species depend is 【A5】________more rapidly than ever,”Robert Watson said.“We are 【A6】________ the very foundations of our economies, live-lihoods ,food security , health and quality of life worldwide.”The report says it's not too late if we make“transformative
change”—fundamental，system-wide reorganization — at every level from local to global，and we need to focus on how to make that happen.
First，don't indulge in despair，because despair leads to inertia and doing nothing means certain【A7】________. Every action to save nature will improve our collective and personal futures and the only way to respond to a threat of this scale is with 【A8】________ action rooted in headstrong optimism. Second，we need relentless focus，just like when paramedics (救护人员) arrive on ascene and use the concept of“triage(伤员鉴别分类)”to ensure the most 【A9】________ cases get treated first. Saving the natural world needs that kind of thinking. We don't have the 【A10】________ to do everything at once. We need to make hard choices. A ) capacity B ) declaration C ) deteriorating D ) determined E ) disaster F ) eroding G) grabbed H ) inventory I ) junction J ) monotonous K ) overwhelming L ) stagnation
M ) stake N ) stifled
O ) urgent（分数：35.50） (1).【A1】（分数：3.55） A. B. C. D. E. F.
G. （正确答案） H. I. J. K. L. M. N. O. 解析：
空格所在的主句缺乏谓语动词，根据从句中的came out推断空格处应填入动词的过去式形式。空格所在句意为，该报告一出来，自然________新闻头条。结合备选项可知，grabbed“抓住；引起……的注意”符合语境，故答案选G)。 (2).【A2】（分数：3.55） A.
B. （正确答案） C. D. E. F. G.
H. I. J. K. L. M. N. O. 解析：
空格后为介词短语of war，因此应填入名词。根据空格前的or可知，空格处与前面的amajor terrorist attack为并列关系。结合备选项可知，declaration“宣言；宣布”填入空格处构成declaration of war，表示“宣战”符合语境，故答案选B)。 (3).【A3】（分数：3.55） A. B. C. D. E. F. G. H. I. J. K. L.
M. （正确答案） N. O. 解析：
空格前为介词at，因此应填入名词。结合备选项可知，at stake为固定搭配，意为“处于危险中；冒风险”填入空格处表示，IPBES 的报告清楚地说明了哪些是危险的，哪些是需要改变的，故答案选M)。 (4).【A4】（分数：3.55） A. B. C. D. E. F. G. H. I. J.
K. （正确答案） L. M. N. O. 解析：
空格前为定冠词the，空格后为名词evidence，因此应填入evidence的修饰词。结合备选项可知，overwhelming“压倒性的”可与evidence构成合理搭配且符合语境，故答案选K)。 (5).【A5】（分数：3.55） A. B.
C. （正确答案） D. E. F. G. H.
I. J. K. L. M. N. O. 解析：
空格所在句的主干为The health of ecosystems is…，结合空格后的more rapidly than ever可推断空格处应填入动词的现在分词形式。空格前一句中提到的“不祥的画面”，说明空格所在句想表达的是负面情况，结合备选项可知，deteriorating“变坏，恶化”填入空格处符合语境，表示“生态系统的健康状况恶化速度很快”，故答案选C)。
(6).【A6】（分数：3.55） A. B. C. D. E.
F. （正确答案） G. H. I. J. K. L. M. N. O. 解析：
空格前的 are 以及空格后的the very foundations说明此处应填入动词的现在分词，foundations作该动词的宾语。结合备选项可知，eroding“侵蚀；腐蚀”填入空格处可与全文讨论环境问题的语境相呼应，故答案选F)。 (7).【A7】（分数：3.55） A. B. C. D.
E. （正确答案） F. G. H. I. J. K. L. M. N. O. 解析：
空格所在句中的means缺乏宾语，因此应填入名词。空格所在句意为，首先，不要沉湎于绝望之中，因为绝望会导致惰性，而无所作为就意味着一定会有________。而空格后一句指出，拯救自然的每一个行动都将对未来有所改善，可推断空格所在句是想表达“不行动也许会带来不幸”，故答案选E)disaster“灾难，灾祸”。 (8).【A8】（分数：3.55） A. B. C.
D. （正确答案） E.
F. G. H. I. J. K. L. M. N. O. 解析：
空格前为介词with，空格后为名词action，因此应填入修饰词来说明是什么样的行动的结合备选项可知，determined“坚决的，坚定的”填入空格处符合语境，故答案选 D)。 (9).【A9】（分数：3.55） A. B. C. D. E. F. G. H. I. J. K. L. M. N.
O. （正确答案） 解析：
空格所在句为省略了that的宾语从句，作不定式中动词ensure 的宾语。根据空格前的most 及空格后的cases可知，应填入修饰词。空格所在句意为，来确保情况最________伤患得到优先治疗。结合备选项可知，urgent“紧急的，紧迫的，迫切的”填入空格处符合语境，故答案选О)。
(10).【A10】（分数：3.55） A. （正确答案） B. C. D. E. F. G. H. I. J. K. L. M. N. O. 解析：
空格前为定冠词the，因此应填入名词。空格所在句意为，我们没有同时做所有事情的________。我们需要做出艰难的选择。结合备选项可知，capacity“才能，能力”填入空格处符合语境，故答案选A)。 八、Section B(总题数：1，分数：71.00)
Children understand far more about other minds than long believed
A) Until a few decades ago, scholars believed that young children know very little, if anything, about what others are thinking. Swiss psychologist Jean Piaget, who is credited with
founding the scientific study of children's thinking, was convinced that preschool children cannot consider what goes on in the minds of others. The interviews and experiments he conducted with kids in the middle of the 20th century suggested that they were trapped in their subjective viewpoints, incapable of imagining what others think, feel or believe. To him, young children seemed oblivious to the fact that different people might hold distinct viewpoints or perspectives on the world, or even that their own perspectives shift over time. B) Much of the subsequent research on early childhood thinking was highly influenced by Piaget's ideas. Scholars sought to refine his theory and empirically confirm his views. But it became increasingly clear that Piaget was missing something. He seemed to have gravely underestimated the intellectual powers of very young kids before they can make
themselves understood by speech or even intentional action. Researchers began to devise ever more ingenious ways of figuring out what goes on in the minds of babies, and the resulting picture of their abilities shows subtle variations. Consequently, the old view of children's egocentric(自我中心的)nature and intellectual weaknesses has increasingly fallen out of favor and become replaced by a more generous position that sees a budding sense not only of the physical world but also of other minds，even in the“ youngest young.”
C) Historically, children didn't receive much respect for their mental powers. Piaget not only believed that children were “egocentric” in the sense that they were unable to differentiate between their own viewpoint and that of others; he was also convinced that their thinking was characterized by systematic errors and confusions. When playing with others，they don't cooperate because they do not realize there are different roles and perspectives. He was convinced that
children literally cannot“get their act together”: instead of playing cooperatively and truly together，they play side by side，with little regard for others. And when speaking with others，a young child supposedly cannot consider the listener's viewpoint but “talks to himself without listening to others.” D) Piaget and his followers maintained that children go through something like a dark age of intellectual development before slowly and gradually becoming enlightened by reason and rationality as they reach school age. Alongside this enlightenment develops an ever growing understanding of other persons，including their attitudes and views of the world. E) Today, a very different picture of children's mental development emerges. Psychologists continually reveal new insights into the depth of young children's knowledge of the world, including their understanding of other minds. Recent studies suggest that even infants are sensitive to others' perspectives and beliefs.
F) Part of the motivation to revise some of Piaget's conclusions stemmed from an ideological shift about the origin of human knowledge that occurred in the second half of the 20th century. It became increasingly unpopular to assume that a basic understanding of the world can be built entirely from experience. This was in part prompted by theorist Noam Chomsky，who argued that something as complex as the rules of grammar cannot be pieked up from exposure to speech， but is supplied by an inborn“language faculty. ”Others followed suit and defined further“core areas” in which knowledge allegedly cannot be pieced together from experience but must be possessed at birth. One such area is our knowledge of others' minds. Some even argue that a basic knowledge of others' minds is not only possessed by human infants , but must be
evolutionarily old and hence shared by our nearest living relatives，the great apes.
G) To prove that infants know more in this realm than had been acknowledged, researchers needed to come up with innovative ways of showing it. A big part of why we now recognize so much more of kids' intellectual capacities is the development of much more sensitive research tools than Piaget had at his disposal.
H) Instead of engaging babies in dialog or having them execute complex motor tasks, the newer methods capitalize on behaviors that have a firm place in infants' natural behavior repertoire: looking, listening, sucking, making facial expressions, gestures and simple manual actions. The idea of focusing on these “small behaviors” is that they give kids the chance to demonstrate their knowledge implicitly and spontaneously – without having to respond to questions or instructions. For example, children might look longer at an event that they did not expect to happen, or they might show facial expressions indicating that they have sympathetic concern for others. When researchers measure these less demandings and often
involuntary，behaviors，they can detect a sensitivity to others' mental states at a much younger age than with the more taxing methods that Piaget and his followers deployed.
I) In the 1980s，these kinds of implicit measures became customary in developmental psychology. But it took a while longer before these tools were employed to measure children's grasp of the mental lives of others.
J) In a set of experiments，my colleagues at the University of Southern California and I found evidence that babies ean even anticipate how others will feel when their expectations are disappointed. We acted out several puppet(木偶) shows in front of two-year-old children. In these puppet shows，a protagonist
( Cookie Monster ) left his precious belongings ( cookies ) onstage and later returned to fetch them. What the protagonist did not know was that an antagonist had come and messed with his possessions. The children had witnessed these acts and attentively watched the protagonist return. We recorded children's facial and bodily expressions. Children bit their lips，wrinkled their nose or wiggled(扭动) in their chair when the protagonist came back,，as if they anticipated the bewilderment and disappointment he was about to experience. Importantly，children showed no such reactions and remained calm when the protago-nist had seen the events himself and thus knew what to expect. Our study reveals that by the tender age of two，kids not only track what others believe or expect ; they can even foresee how others will feel when they discover reality.
K) Studies like this reveal that there is much more going on in small kids' and even infants' minds than was previously believed. With the explicit measures used by Piaget and successors, these deeper layers of kids' understanding cannot be accessed. The new investigative tools demonstrate that kids know more than they can say : when we scratch beneath the surface，we find an emerging understanding of relations and perspectives that Piaget probably did not dream of. L) Despite these obvious advances in the study of young children's thinking, it would be a grave mistake to dismiss the careful and systematic analyses compiled by Piaget and others before the new tests dominated the scene. Doing so would be like throwing out the baby with the bathwater, because the original methods revealed essential facts about how children think – facts that the new, “minimalist” methods cannot uncover. M) There's no consensus in today's community about how much we can infer from a look, a grimace or a hand gesture. These
behaviors clearly indicate a curiosity about what goes on in the mind of others, and probably a set of early intuitions coupled with a willingness to learn more. They pave the way to richer and more explicit forms of understanding of the minds of other. But they can in no way replace the child's growing ability to articulate and refine her understanding of how people behave and why.（分数：71.0）
(1).Piaget believed that small children could not collaborate with ethers while playing.（分数：7.1） A. B.
C. （正确答案） D. E. F. G. H. I. J. K. L. M. 解析：
由题干关键词collaborate和 playing定位至C)段第三句。该句提到，当儿童和别人一起玩耍时，他们并不合作，因为他们没有意识到存在不同的角色和不同的观点。题干中的collaborate 与原文中的cooperate相对应，故答案选C)。
(2).The author and his colleagues' study shows two-year-old may be able to predict other people's feelings.（分数：7.1） A. B. C.
D. E. F. G. H. I.
J. （正确答案） K. L. M. 解析：
由题干关键词two-year-old 和 predict other people's feelings定位至J)段末句。该句提到，我们的研究发现，在两岁这个稚嫩的年纪，孩子们不仅会追踪别人的想法和期望，甚至还可以预见别人发现真相时的感受。题干中的two-year-old与原文中的age of two相对应； predict 与原文中的foresee相对应，故答案选J)。 (3).In the latter half of the last century, fewer and fewer people believed the basis for our understanding of the world is wholly empirical.（分数：7.1） A. B. C. D. E.
F. （正确答案） G. H. I. J. K. L. M.
解析：
由题干关键词the basis for our understanding of the world 和 wholly empirical 定位至F)段前两句。此处提到，修正皮亚杰某些结论的部分动机源于20世纪下半叶的一件事:关于人类知识起源的意识形态发生了转变。认为对世界的基本理解完全可以从经验中建立起来的观点越来越不受欢迎。该段首句中提到的in the second half of the 20th century即为上世纪的后半叶；而题干中的 wholly empirical 与F)段第二句中的can be built entirely from experience相对应，故答案选F)。
(4).Research conducted by Jean Piaget in the last century suggested babies were insensitive to others' thinking.（分数：7.1）
A. （正确答案） B. C. D. E. F. G. H. I. J. K. L. M. 解析：
由题干关键词Jean Piaget定位至A)和F)段；根据insensitive to others'thinking 定位至A)段末句。该句指出，在20世纪中期，让·皮亚杰对孩子们进行了采访和实验，结果表明，孩子们被自己的主观观点所困，无法去想象别人的想法、感受或信念。题干中的insensitive 与原文中的incapable of imagining 相对应；others'thinking 与
原文中的 what others think，feel or believe相对应，故答案选A)。
(5).Our improved understanding of babies' intellectual power is attributable to better research tools.（分数：7.1） A. B. C. D. E. F.
G. （正确答案） H. I. J. K. L. M. 解析：
由题干关键词better research tools定位至G)段末句。该句提到，我们现在之所以能够更多地认识到孩子们的智力，很大一部分原因是我们开发出的研究工具比皮亚杰所拥有的要更为灵敏。题干中的improved understanding of babies' intellectual power 与原文中的recognize so much more of kids' intellectual capacities相对应； better research tools 与原文中的 much more sensitive research tools 相对应，故答案选G)。
(6).It has been found in recent research that even small babies are sensitive to other people's points of view.（分数：7.1） A. B. C. D.
E. （正确答案）
F. G. H. I. J. K. L. M. 解析：
由题干关键词recent research，even small babies 及 sensitive to other people's points of view定位至E)段末句。该句提到，最近的研究表明，即使是婴儿也对他人的观点和信念很敏感。题干中的recent research与原文中的Recent studies 相对应；small babies与原文中的infants相对应；points of view与原文中的perspectives and beliefs 相对应，故答案选E)。
(7).Scientists are still debating what inference can be drawn from certain physical expressions of a child.（分数：7.1） A. B. C. D. E. F. G. H. I. J. K. L.
M. （正确答案） 解析：
由题干关键词still debating 及 certain physical expressions定位至M)段首句。该句提到，当今科学界对于我们能从外观、面部表情或手势中推断出多少信息还没有达成共识。题干中的still debating 与原文中的no consensus相对应；certain physical expressions与原文中的a look，a facial expression，or a hand gesture相对应，故答案选M)。
(8).The newer research methods focus on infants' simple behaviors instead of requiring them to answer questions.（分数：7.1） A. B. C. D. E. F. G.
H. （正确答案） I. J. K. L. M. 解析：
由题干关键词newer research methods，simple behaviors和 answer questions定位至H)段前两句。此处提到了更新的研究方法的情况，即关注孩子的“小行为”，而不是去回答问题。题干中的 newer research methods与原文中的newer methods相对应；simple behaviors与原文中的 small behaviors相对应；answer questions与原文中的respond to questions相对应，故答案选H)。
(9).With the progress in psychology, the traditional view of children's self-centered nature and limited thinking abilities has become less and less influential.（分数：7.1）
A.
B. （正确答案） C. D. E. F. G. H. I. J. K. L. M. 解析：
由题干关键词children's self-centered nature，limited thinking abilities和 less and less influential 定位至B)段末句。该句中提到，因此，儿童天性以自我为中心的且智力缺陷的这种旧观点越来越不受青睐，题干中的 traditional view 与原文中的old view 相对应；children's self-centered nature与原文中的 children's egocentric nature相对应；limited thinking abilities与原文中的 intellectual weaknesses相对应，故答案选 B)。
(10).Even though marked advances have been made, it is wrong to dismiss Piaget's fundamental contributions to the study of kids' cognitive abilities.（分数：7.1） A. B. C. D. E. F. G. H.
I. J. K.
L. （正确答案） M. 解析：
由题干关键词wrong，dismiss和 Piaget 's fundamental contributions定位至L)段。该段中提到，尽管幼儿思维研究方面有了这些明显的进展，但在新的测试方法成为主导地位之前，如果忽视皮亚杰等人汇编的仔细而系统的分析方法，那将是一个严重的错误。题干中的wrong 与原文中的a grave mistake相对应；dismiss Piaget 's fundamental contributions与原文中的dismiss the careful and systematic analyses compiled by Piaget相对应，故答案选L)。 九、Section C(总题数：2，分数：142.00) Passage One
People often discuss the dangers of too much stress，but lately a very different view of stress is gaining popularity: this view of stress，held by members of the positive stress movement，argues that stress might actually be beneficial. The positive stress movement is made up of people such as Zachary Rapp who are looking for an edge in a competitive world ， and Rapp's routine is a good example of followers of the movement. He wakes up most mornings at dawn， goes for a run，sips black coffee while ripping through emails， and then steps into a freezing cold shower. This is a routine designed to reduce the stress of running simultaneously three different health and biotechnology companies for 18 hours a day.
Although Rapp's practices may sound extreme, he is part of a growing movement, consisting largely of tech industry workers who claim that such radical tactics will help them live better and longer. Inspired by influential figures in different
fields，including entertainers, athletes，entrepreneurs and scientists，positive stress practitioners seek out some combination of extreme temperatures, restrictive diets，punishing exercise routines and general discomfort. Rapp argues that positive stress keeps him balanced. In addition to runnning and freezing showers，Rapp uses ice baths，hot yoga，and unconventional eating practices such as eliminating dairy， sugar，alcohol and various other foods high in carbohydrates. He believes that these practices，which put stress on his body，actually make him feel less stress from work. However，Rapp does not credit anyone in particular for his choices: he said he started using these methods in college，where he got into the habit of taking ice baths to recover from sports. He got back into it while trying to get his three companies off the ground.
Rapp works long hours and sleeps only five to seven hours a night but he said he only gets sick once a year. For him，the difference between day-to-day stress，like the kind we feel when moving apartments，and positive stress is that the latter involves pushing the body to extremes and forcing it to build up a tolerance.
One thought leader in the positive stress world is Dutch extreme athlete Wim Hof，who earned the name“ ice man”for his ability to withstand severe cold using deep breathing exercises. Hof's ideas have become popular among tech industry elites and，thanks to Hof，cold showers are now a trend; indeed , some even call it a form of therapy.
But it is important to note that not everyone agrees with these practitioners; indeed, some medical professionals argue that positive stress is not for everyone，and that it might even be dangerous for people who are unhealthy or older.（分数：71.0）
(1).What do we learn about followers of the positive stress movement?（分数：14.2）
A.They are usually quite sensitive to different types of stress.
B.They hold a different view on stress from the popular one. （正确答案）
C.They derive much pleasure from living a very hectic life. D.They gain a competitive edge by enjoying good health. 解析：
由题干中的followers和 positive stress movement定位至文章首句。该句提到，人们经常会讨论压力过大的危害，但最近有一种截然不同的压力观正越来越流行：这种压力观由积极压力运动的成员所秉持，他们认为压力实际上可能是有益的。说明，积极压力运动的成员所秉持的压力观与普遍的观念不同，故答案选B)项。其他三项在文中均未提及，故排除。
(2).What do followers of the positive stress movement usually do to put their ideas into practice?（分数：14.2） A.They keep changing their living habits. B.They network with influential figures. C.They seek jobs in tech industries.
D.They apply extreme tactics. （正确答案） 解析：
由题干中的followers，positive stress movement和 put their ideas into practice定位至第二段首句。该句提到，尽管拉普的做法听起来可能有些极端，但他却是一场日益壮大的运动的一部分……他们声称这种激进的策略会帮助他们活得更好，更长寿。可知，积极压力运动的追随者通常会采用极端的策略来让自己的想法付诸实践，故答案选D)项。其他三项都不是积极压力运动追随者通常会做的事，故均排除。
(3).What does Zachary Rapp say about his unconventional practices?（分数：14.2）
A.They help him combat stress from work. （正确答案）
B.They enable him to cut down living expenses.
C.They enable him to recover from injuries and illnesses. D.They help him get three companies enlisted all at once. 解析：
由题干中的unconventional practices定位至第三段第二句。第三段首句中提到了扎卡里·拉普的一些“非传统做法”。第二句提到，他认为，这些给他自身带来压力的做法，实际上会让他觉得工作中的压力变小了。可知，这样的做法能帮助他对抗工作中的压力，故答案选A)项。B)项中的cut down living expenses在文中并未提及，故排除；C)项在文中也未提及，故排除；文章只提到了在拉普的三家公司起步的时候，他使用了这些非传统做法，但并未提到“它们帮助他同时成立三家公司”，D)项属于主观臆断，故排除。
(4).What can be inferred from the passage about day-to-day stress?（分数：14.2）
A.It is harmful to one's physical and mental health. B.It does not differ in essence from positive stress. C.It is something everybody has to live with.
D.It does not help build up one's tolerance. （正确答案） 解析：
由题干中的day-to-day stress定位至第四段第二句。该句提到了“日常压力”并以“搬家时所感受到的那种压力”为例，论述日常压力与积极压力之间的区别在于，后者将身体推向极端，并迫使它建立一种忍耐力。从而可以推断出，“日常压力无法帮助人们形成忍耐力”，故答案选D)项，同时排除B)项。A)项在文中并未提及，故排除；C)项表述过于绝对，且属主观臆断，故排除。
(5).What do some medical professionals think of positive stress?（分数：14.2）
A.Its true effect remains to be verified. B.Its side effect should not be ignored.
C.Its effect varies considerably from person to person. （正确答案）
D.Its practitioners should not take it as a form of therapy.
解析：
由题干中的 some medical professionals定位至末段。文章结尾处提到，一些医学专业人士认为，积极压力并不适用于所有人，它甚至可能对那些不健康或年龄较大的人造成危险。说明积极压力的影响因人而异，故答案选C)项。A)项和B)项在文中均未提及，故排除；D)项出现在文章倒数第二段，但这并不是医学专业人士提出的观点，故排除。 Passage Two
Is hunting good or bad for the environment? Like so many hot button issues，the answer to this question depends upon who you ask. On the one hand，some say, nothing could be more natural than hunting ，and indeed just about every animal species —— including humans ——has been either predator or prey at some point in its evolution. And，ironic as it sounds，since humans have wiped out many animal predators，some see hunting as a natural way to reduce the herds of prey animals that now reproduce beyond the environment's carrying capacity. On the other hand, many environmental and animal advocates see hunting as savage , arguing that it is morally wrong to kill animals, regardless of practical considerations. According to Glenn Kirk of the California-based The Animals' Voice , hunting “causes immense suffering to individual wild animals...” and is“ irrationally cruel because unlike natural predation(捕食), hunters kill for pleasure ...”He adds that，despite hunters' claims that hunting keeps wildlife populations in balance，hunters' license fees are used to \" manipulate a few game species into overpopulation at the expense of a much larger number of non-game species, resulting in the loss of biological diversity，genetic integrity and ecological balance.\" Beyond moral issues , others contend that hunting is not practical. Aocording to the Humane Society of the United States，the vast majority of hunted species — such as
waterfowl，rabbits，upland birds and mourning doves —“provide minimal nutrition and do not require population control.” Author Gary E. Varner suggests in his book, In Nature's Interests，that some types of hunting may be morally justifiable while others may not be. Hunting “designed to secure the aggregate welfare of the target species，the integrity of its ecosystem，or both”— what Varner terms‘therapeutic hunting’一 is defensible，while subsistence and sport hunting — both of which only benefit human beings —— is not. Regardless of one's individual stance，fewer Americans hunt today than in recent history. Data gathered by the U. S. Fish & Wildlife Service in 2006 show that only five percent of Americans — some 12.5 million individuals — consider themselves hunters today，down from nine percent in 2001 and 15 percent in 1996.
Public support for hunting，however，is on the rise. A 2007 survey by Responsive Management Inc. found that eighty percent of respondents agreed that \" hunting has a legitimate place in modern society ，\"and the percentage of Americans indicating disapproval of hunting declined from 22 percent in 1995 to 16 percent in 2007.
Perhaps matching the trend among the public，green leaders are increasingly advocating cooperation between hunters and environmental groups: After all，both deplore urban sprawl and habitat destruction.（分数：71.0）
(1).What does the author say sounds ironic?（分数：14.2） A.Some predators may often turn out to be prey of other predators.
B.Hunting may also be a solution to the problem caused by hunting. （正确答案）
C.The species of prey animals continue to vary despite humans' hunting.
D.The number of prey animals keeps rising despite environmental change. 解析：
由题干中的sounds ironic定位至首段末句。该句提到，虽然听起来很讽刺，但由于人类消灭了很多捕食性动物，狩猎在一部分人看来是一种自然的方式，可以减少繁殖量超出环境承载能力的猎物种群的数量。即有些人认为狩猎有助于解决捕食性动物被人类消灭所引起的问题，故答案选B)项。A)项虽在文章首段中提及，但不是作者认为听起来讽刺的地方，故排除；C)项在文中并未提及，故排除；D)项中的The num ber…keeps rising在文中并未提及，故排除。
(2).What does Glenn Kirk think of charging hunters' license fees?（分数：14.2）
A.It keeps game population under control. B.It turns hunting into a sport of the rich. C.It leads to ecological imbalance. （正确答案） D.It helps stop killing for pleasure. 解析：
根据题干定位至第二段。该段结尾处指出，向狩猎者收取的许可证费用被用于操控少数狩猎物种的数量，使其数量过剩，最终导致生态平衡等的丧失，故答案选C)项。A)项与作者观点相悖，故排除；B)项在文中并未提及，故排除；D)项与hunters' license fees无关，故排除。
(3).What is the argument of the Humane Society of the United States against hunting?（分数：14.2）
A.Overpopulation is not an issue for most hunted animals. （正确答案）
B.Hunting deprives animal populations of their food sources. C.Many birds and small animals are being irrationally killed. D.Hunting is universally acknowledged as a savage behavior 解析：
由题干中的the Humane Society of the United States定位至第三段。该段指出，绝大多数被猎杀的物种营养价值极低，且数量不需要
控制。故答案选A)项。B)项在文中并未提及，故排除；C)项是格伦·柯克的看法，而非美国人道协会的观点，故排除；D)项类似的表述出现在第二段首句，也不是美国人道协会的观点，故排除。
(4).When is hunting morally justifiable according to Gary E. Varner?（分数：14.2）
A.When it benefits animals and their ecosystem. （正确答案）
B.When it serves both human and animal interests. C.When it is indispensable to humans' subsistence. D.When it stabilizes the population of animal species. 解析：
由题干中的morally justifiable和Gary E. Varner定位至第四段。该段首句提到了题干中的内容，第二句具体解释了“旨在确保目标物种的整体福利及其生态系统的完整性，或两者兼而有之”的狩猎是正当的。故答案选A)项。第二段结尾处指出，只对人类有利的狩猎(如为生存和运动而进行的狩猎)则属于不正当行为，可排除B)项和C)项；D)项中的stabilizes the population在文中并未提及，故排除。 (5).What concept are green leaders trying to promote?（分数：14.2）
A.Effective protection of animal habitats. B.Strict control over urban development. C.Coordinated efforts of hunters and environmentalists. （正确答案）
D.A compromise between development and animal protection. 解析：
由题干中的green leaders定位至末段。该段提到，环保领袖们越来越提倡狩猎者和环保组织合作：毕竟，双方都强烈反对城市扩张和栖息地遭破坏。故答案选C)项。其他三项均未体现出“cooperation”的理念，故排除。
十、Part Ⅳ Translation(总题数：1，分数：106.50)
2.《三国演义》( The Romance of the Three Kingdoms)是中国著名的历史小说，写于14世纪。这部文学作品以三国时期的历史为背景，描写了从公元二世纪下半叶到公元三世纪下半叶的魏、蜀、吴三国之间的战争。小说中刻画了近千个人物和无数的历史事件。这些人物和事件虽然大都基于真实的历史，但都不同程度地浪漫化和戏剧化了。《三国演义》是一部公认的文学杰作。自面世以来，这部小说不断吸引着一代又一代的读者 ，并且对中国文化产生着广泛而持久的影响。（分数：106.50）
__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：(
The Romance of Three Kingdoms written in the fourteenth century is a famous historical novel in China. Based on the history of the Three Kingdoms period, this literary history describes the war between Wei, Shu and Wu from the second half of the second century to the second half of the third century. The novel portrays almost a thousand characters and countless historical events. Although most of these characters and events are based on real history, they are romanticized and dramatized to varying degrees. The Romance of Three Kingdoms is regarded as a literary masterpiece. It has attracted generations of readers since its publication, and it also exerts a widespread and lasting influence on Chinese history. )
解析：
① 《三国演义》写于14世纪，是中国著名的历史小说。
解析：译文保留一个谓语，事整句话更连贯，将“写于14世纪”处理为过去分词短语，修饰名词《三国演义》；也可以处理为插入语形式：…, which is written in the fourteenth century,… ② 从二世纪下半叶到三世纪下半叶
解析：这是一个时间状语，在翻译时注意“下半叶”固定的表达为：the second of…
③ 虽然这些人物和事件大多是基于真实的历史，但它们都不同程度地被浪漫化和戏剧化了
解析：这句话注意让步的翻译，如果上半句用了although，下半句句首不要出现but，二者只能出现一个；注意积累浪漫化和戏剧化的表达。
④《三国演义》是一部公认的文学巨著
解析：该剧中的“公认”可以处理为“被认为”，对应的词组有：be recognized/regarded as…
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