教学目标 1.能根据写作要求，收集，准备素材； 2.能独立起草作文等，并在教师的指导下进行修改； 3.能使用常见的连接词表示顺序和逻辑关系； 4.能简单描述人物或事件； 5.能根据所给图示或表格写出简单的段落或操作说明。 教学重难点 高分句型和过渡词 佳作分析 教学安排一览 1 2 3 4 5 6
事项 时间 5分钟 5分钟 20分钟 30分钟 40分钟 20分钟 复习命题作文的写法 中考英语写作的要求 写作中常见问题及解决方法 写作高分句型和过渡词 佳作分析 佳作赏析
Review
上节课我们学习了命题作文的写法，我们按照分类复习一下 (一)记叙文
写好记叙文应注意以下几点: 1、明确写作目的 2、选择细节材料
1)关于写人物,一般要把某人的年龄。外貌和性格特征,人物行为。工作业绩。心理活动等方面简要概括出来。同时要略加点评或感想。
2)关于写事件,事件是记叙的核心,往往有它的起因。经过和结局。写事件要比较详细地交代事情的来龙去脉,同时要重点突出,表达精练,防止渲染。
3)恰当的选择写作方法。初中最常见写作方法有两种:顺叙和倒叙。 (二)说明文
写说明文的常用方法： 罗列法（listing）
2.举例法（examples）
3.比较法（comparison and contrast） 4.定义法（definition）
5.顺序法（sequence of time， space and process） 6.分类法（classification） （三）议论文
注意下面两类议论文的写作方法： (1) 不同观点列举型（ 选择型 ） （2）利弊型的议论文
Introduction-中考英语写作的要求
英语书面表达是英语教学的重点和难点。听说读写是构成英语语言交际能力的重要组成部分，其中要求较高的是\"写\"的能力。《英语课程标准》对学生\"写\"的技能提出了明确目标，具体描述如下：
1.能根据写作要求，收集，准备素材；
2.能独立起草短文、短信等，并在教师的指导下进行修改； 3.能使用常见的连接词表示顺序和逻辑关系； 4.能简单描述人物或事件；
5.能根据所给图示或表格写出简单的段落或操作说明。
Presentation（1） 写作中常见问题及解决方法
一、学生在书面表达中下普遍存在下列问题：
1、中式英语Chinglish ：如There are many people would like to go on a vacation. I by bike to school every day. 这句话应该成：Many people would like to go on a vacation. I take a bike a bi 2、词汇错误：错别字、近义词混淆、词性用错等。 3、词组、句型使用不正确，缺乏重点句型的使用：如I spent one hour to read the book yesterday. 4、时态、语态、人称把握不正确（审题不正确）。 5、字数不符要求：文章太短（较差的学生\"凑\"不足词数），文章太长（较好的学生随意发挥但不着边际、结构松散）。
6、数的问题：如不注意名词的单复数与不可数，第三人称单数等。
7、格式、大小写、标点不规范：句首字母大写不注意，使用从句时不会使用标点、大小写等）。如：After he went back home. He cooked supper.
8、缺乏表达个人见解与悟感的能力：如写文章只有叙事部分，记流水帐，缺少个人观点与情感。
二、提高英语书面表达的策略
1.巩固单词拼写，培养组句能力。思考与单词有关的同义、近义、反义和词形相似的词，使词汇量得到最大限度的复现。如：反义词appear/disappear, crowded/uncrowded, polite/impolite/rude. 词形相似的词except/expect, chance/change/challenge.
2.还以某一词为中心，写出该词的不同形式或词性，组成典型的句型，从而不断丰富词汇和句型。如拼写单词die时，不但要写出其过去式过去分词died，而且要想到其他词性（death, dead, dying）, 再分别组句，如：The old man died two years ago. He has been dead for two years. His death made his dog very sad. It is dying. 又如写到易混淆的词pay, spend, cost, take时，可以多种方式表达句意。He paid 20 yuan for the book. He spent 20 yuan on the book. He spent 20 yuan buying the book. The book cost him 20 yuan. It takes him 20 minutes to read the book every day.等等。这样,通过大量的词汇练习不仅仅能有效地积累词汇，还为组句打下了基础，同时还能训练自己的发散性思维和总结、归纳、比较的能力，为正确使用词句奠定了良好的基础。
Presentation（2）-写作高分句型，过渡词和经典句型
为了使行文连贯流畅，希望同学们尽量多使用连接词与过渡语，这样可使句子简洁、明了，句子间的逻辑关系更加密切，使文章条理性更强，层次更加分明，从而达到更好的表达效果, 常用的过渡用语有：
表并列或递进: and, both...and, neither...nor, not only...but also, as well, as well as, besides, what's more, also
表选择： or, either...or.
表转折或让步: but, although, though, yet, however, no matter..., after all. 表对比:like, unlike, while
表举例：for example, such as...，take ...for example, in one's opinion 表强调：in fact, of course, first of all
表时间顺序：when, after, before, as soon as, soon after, since then, then, later, next, at last, first, secondly, thirdly, finally，at the same time.
表因果关系: because, since, as, for, for this reason, because of this, therefore, so, so...that.... 表结论：in a word, in short, to tell the truth, It shows that..., It's quite clear that..., It's known to all that..., as everybody knows,... 表比较和对照：just as, instead
表空间：on one's right/ left, across from, on top of, in front of, close/next to, opposite， between...and...
关于学习生活作文的典型例句
1. More than three quarters of the information on the Internet is in English. 2. It is used by travelers and business people all over the world.
3. China has joined the WTO and the Olympic Games will be held in China. English becomes more and more useful.
4. I like English and try my best to learn it.
5. So English is very important and I like English very much. 6. Our English teacher often makes us happy in the English class.
7. I hope I can go abroad one day, and then I can speak to foreigners in English.
Focused practice（2）
请根据提示改变下面句子的句型，并体会在作文中用到哪一句比较好 1.I have a happy family. （改为感叹句） What a happy family I have !
2.I like English best. （用favorite 同义句转换） My favorite subject is English.
3.English class is very interesting . （用fun同义句转换） We have a lot of fun in the English class
4.They prefer to choose beautiful girls and boys as their good friends.( 用更加高级的词汇代替 beautiful girls and boy同义句转换）
They prefer to choose those with beautiful faces and slim figures as their good friends. 5.The story is very interesting. Everyone likes it. （合并为一句） The story is so interesting that everyone likes it.
6.He was ill. He didn't come to school. （合并为一句） He didn't come to school, because he was ill.
7.I am good at English and I am good at math ,too. (合并为一句） I am good at not only English but also math.
8.At the meeting, all the parents talked about something about the students.
They want to know whether doing a lot of homework was useful or not. (合并为一句）
At the meeting, all the parents talked about whether doing a lot of homework was useful or not.
总结和体会：同学们的作文往往会用到上面题目中的句子，在以后的作文中我们是不是应该思考尽量用到我们改正后的更加“高级”一些的句子呢？
Presentation（3）-佳作分析
作文1
上星期，学校就学生的作业量问题要求各班召开家长会进行讨论。以下是你班家长的观点：
多数家长认为作业多有好处，而部分家长则认为作业过多对孩子的成长不利。请你根据下面方框中的提示，用英语作一简要介绍并表明你自己的观点。 Most parents ◇ review what students have learned ◇develop students’minds ◇ stop students playing computer games ◇ … A few parents ◇ take a lot of time ◇ cannot have a good rest ◇ cannot do the things students like ◇ 注意：(1)可以适当增加细节，要求意思连贯，语句通顺；． (2)词数80左右；短文的开头已给出(不计入总词数)。
Last week our class had a parents' meeting. At the meeting, all the parents talked about whether doing a lot of homework was useful or not. Many parents thought that doing much homework was useful.
范文：
1.Last week our class had a parents' meeting. 2.At the meeting, all the parents talked about whether doing a lot of homework was useful or not. 3.Many parents thought that doing much homework was useful. 4.They thought by doing a lot of homework, the students could review what they had learned. 5.It would also help to develop the students' minds and stop them playing computer games.
6.But a few parents thought that too much homework was useless. 7.Because doing much homework took a lot of time and thus students could not have a good rest. 8.What's more, they could not do the things they liked.
9.In my opinion, doing some suitable homework is necessary and helpful.
请把范文每句话标上序号，并分析其的作用。 1.介绍背景---事件的时间地点人物 2.引出话题---学生做很多作业是否有用
3.引出作者比较偏向的一方的观点---许多家长认为做很多作业是有用的
4.5. 提出分论点支持第3句的观点---作业可以帮助学生复习，开拓思维，并且使得学生没有时间玩电脑
6.提出作者认为也有道理的一方的观点---做太多作业没有用
7.8. 提出分论点支持第6句的观点---做太多作业花费时间使得学生不能好好休息并且没有时间做自己喜欢的事情 9.总结全文，提出一个较折中的观点或者较合理的解决办法---做适量的作业是有用和必要的
参考词汇：
have a parents meeting 开家长会 develop one’s mind 开拓思维
stop doing sth 停下来不做某事（请比较它和 stop to do 的区别）
too much 太多（其后加不可数名词，注意比较它和much too的区别）
例句1.
At the meeting, all the parents talked about whether doing a lot of homework was useful or not. 分析：这句话用了whether引导的宾语从句，中考如果能用到宾语从句，状语从句或定语从句，将会给你的作文添彩。这里因为后面有or not,所以whether 不能换成if. 例句2.
They thought by doing a lot of homework, the students could review what they had learned. 分析：这句话同样用了宾语从句，可见正确运用从句必是一篇佳作的亮点。 例句3.
Because doing much homework took a lot of time and thus students could not have a good rest. 分析：这里动名词doing much homework 做主语，所以在作文里适当运用动名词或者动词不定式等非谓语动词。增添不同的句子形式，也是非常有必要的。 例句4.
What's more, they could not do the things they liked.
分析：这里what’s more意思是而且，另外，与其同义的还有In addition, Moreover. 这句运用了定语从句，所以从句的重要性就不言而喻了。
作文2
请根据以下问题和答案的提示并结合你的实际情况，以“My English Learning”为题写一篇60词左右的英文稿件，要求至少涉及其中的三个问题，并且不能出现你的真实姓名、校名和县名等。
提示：When did you start learning English?(in … /…years ago)
How do you learn English?(listen carefully，study with a group，read English every day…) What is difficult to learn?(listening，grammar…)
What other helpful ways do you know to learn English well?(watch English movies，sing English songs…)
范文：
1.English is one of my best subjects and I started learning English when I was ten years old. 2.But at the very beginning，listening seemed a little difficult for me. 3.So I have been doing a lot of listening practice，such as listening to tapes，watching English TV programs.4. And I found it really helpful. 5.In fact，there are some more helpful ways to learn English well. 6.For example，I enjoy singing English songs and I want to join an English club or find a pen pal from English-speaking countries. 7.I believe that nothing is impossible if you put your heart into it.
请把范文每句话标上序号，并分析其的作用。
1.英语是我最喜欢的学科，并回答第一个问题---我十岁开始学英语。
2.回答第三个问题---听力对我来说比较难。并为下文讲到我是如何克服这个困难最准备。 3.4.回答第二个问题---我是如何学英语，练习听力的。 5.承上启下，指出学英语的方法还很多。
6.回答第四个问题---学英语歌，参加英语俱乐部或者找笔友都是学英语的方法。
7.以我的感受总结全文，这句话也可以换成 I belive where there is a will, there is a way.
参考词汇：
at the very beginning 最初 find it adj.
enjoy doing sth 喜欢做某事
例句1.
But at the very beginning，listening seemed a little difficult for me 分析：这里at the very beginning 强调最初，就在刚开始的时候。 这里运用了sth seem (to be) adj.的句型，seem还有一个 It seems that ..的句型。 例句2.
For example，I enjoy singing English songs and I want to join an English club or find a pen pal from English-speaking countries.
分析：这里 join an English club 是加入英语俱乐部，请比较join in, take part in, participate in的用法。句中pen pal 是 pen friend. 例句3.
I believe that nothing is impossible if you put your heart into it. 分析：这里nothing is impossible意为一切皆有可能。Put your heart into it 意为全心投入，heart and soul 也意为全心全意地做某事。
Focused practice（3）
下面请你用上面所讲的方法分析一下下面的佳作。
以“I want to do something for my school（我想为学校做一件事）” 为题写—篇不少于60个词的短文，标点符号不占格。注意：短文中不得出现考生的姓名、校名及其他相关信息，否则不予评分。 范文：
I want to make school clean. You may think it is very simple. But I don't think so. Our teacher said, \"School is your home, you should keep it clean.\"But I have never done anything to make school clean. For example, I have never told my classmate to pick up rubbish after he threw it on the ground. I also threw the rubbish on the ground. So I want to make school clean so that everyone can forgive me. During this summer holiday, I will go to school to make school clean. Of course, I will do it with my classmates. We will make school clean every weekends next term as well. Now, do you think it is simple?
参考词汇：
keep sth adj. 保持某物的某种状态 pick up rubbish 捡垃圾 on the ground 在地上 forgive sb. 原谅某人 during 在....期间 as well 也
范文分析： 例句1.
I want to make school clean. 分析：本句用到 make sth adj.的短语，make 的其他用法还有make sb. do sth ,sb be made to do sth .
例句2.
So I want to make school clean so that everyone can forgive me.
分析：本句用到了 ...so that... 句型，so that 后接目的。在so+adj.+that 从句中，that 后面表示结果。 forgive sb. 原谅某人
Presentation（4）-佳作赏析
作文1
假设你叫李华，你的英国笔友Linda为了来中国参观世博会而报名参加了汉语培训班学习汉语。她最近写信向你询问学习外语的建议。请根据下列提示和你学习英语的体会给Linda写一封回信。 注意：1．回信需要包括全部要点；2．开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数 3．字数60左右。 范文
Dear Linda，
I’m very glad that you’ll come to China to watch the World Exposition. I know it isn’t easy to learn a foreign language, but I have some ideas that may help. Firstly, it’s very important to listen to the teacher carefully in class and make some notes so that you can go over your lessons later. Secondly, try to catch every chance to practice speaking, both in and out of class. Don’t be afraid of making mistakes. Then try to listen and read more in Chinese. What’s more, you’d better plan your time well and study it regularly every day.
Above all, you should be confident in yourself and don’t give up whenever you meet with difficulty. I’m sure you will succeed through your hard work. Best wishes and looking forward to meeting you in China.
Yours, Li Hua.
作文2
难忘的初中生活就要结束了。假如你是韩梅，即将迎来全新的高中生活。为了尽快适应新的环境，你打算在英语俱乐部的QQ群里留言，谈一谈自己在高中学习、生活和与人相处等方面可能遇到的问题，并向大家寻求帮助。 注意：
①词数:80词左右。
②短文中不得出现真实的校名和人名。 ③留言首句已给出，不计入总词汇。
范文：
Hi, everybody. How’s it going? I’ll become a senior high school student this September. I’m
very happy, but I’m worried that I may meet with some difficulties in the new school. Perhaps I can’t keep up with my classmates, especially in math. And I’m not sure if I can make friends with others because I’m not good at communicating. On the other hand, I don’t know how to take good care of myself. I’ afraid the food in the new school won’t agree with me. What can I do with these problems? Could you give me some advice? I really need your help.
作文3
假如你叫李红，你的英国笔友Mary正在学习汉语。她在给你的来信中介绍了她的汉语老师的情况。请根据以下信息用英语写一封回信，向她介绍你的英语老师Miss White的情况。要求文章写在答题卡上。 外貌 国籍 最喜欢的颜色 个人爱好 品质 取得的成绩 高挑、苗条(slim)、漂亮 美国 蓝色 读书、旅游 乐于助人 去年教学竞赛(teaching competition)，荣获一等奖 要求：1.词数60-80。开头和结尾已给出，不计入词数。 2.所给信息要全部用上，可合理发挥。 Dear Mary, Thank you for telling me something about your Chinese teacher. I think you have a good teacher. Now let me tell you something about my English teacher, Miss White. _________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________ Best wishes! Yours Sincerely, Li Hong 范文
Dear Mary,
Thank you for telling me something about your Chinese teacher. I think you have a good teacher. Now let me tell you something about my English teacher, Miss White.
Miss White is from America. She is tall and slim. And she is very beautiful. She has taught us English for two years. She is always in blue, because blue is her favorite. She likes reading and she also loves traveling when she is free. She is kind and helpful. As a teacher, she is successful. She teaches so well that she won the first place in the teaching competition last year. All of us like her very much.
Best wishes!
Yours Sincerely,
Li Hong
Home Assignment
1.你们学校最近就“一个好朋友的标准”做了一次问卷调查，调查结果如下图（阴影部分）。
外表漂亮英俊，身材苗条 学习勤奋，功课好 爱好唱歌、跳舞，擅长体育运动 性格活泼，心地善良，乐于助人，待人诚实彼此信任（trust），与他人分享快乐 7% 48% 67% 95%
请你以“What a good friend should be like”为题，用英语为你们学校的校报写一篇短文，报道此次调查结果并谈谈自己的看法。 ………………
注意：1. 词数：80-100（开头已给出的内容不计入总词数）； 2. 内容必须包括上图中的要点，可适当发挥； 3. 文章条理清楚、意思连贯、语句通顺； 4. 文中不得出现真实的地名、校名和人名。
What a good friend should be like
Recently, we did a survey in our school on what a good friend should be like.
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 范文一：
What a good friend should be like
Recently, we did a survey in our school on what a good friend should be like. About seven percent/ only a few/ Less than ten percent of the students prefer their friends should be beautiful or handsome. About forty-eight percent/ Less than half/ Nearly half of the students think that their friends should be hardworking and good at their lessons. Sixty-seven percent of the students hope their friends should be fond of singing and dancing, and also they should be good at
sports. Ninety-five percent/ Almost all of the students agree that their friends should be not only lively, kind and helpful but also honest. Good friends should trust each other and share joys. I think to be honest is the most important for us all. 范文二：
Recently, we did a survey in our school on what a good friend should be like. Nearly all
(95%) of the students think a good friend should be kind, helpful and honest. He or she should trust you and be willing to share joys with you. Sixty-seven percent of the students would like their friends to be fond of singing and dancing. Besides, they hope their friends are good at sports. Forty-eight percent of the students agree that a good friend must be hard-working and do well in lessons. Of course, there are some (7% / less than 10%) caring about appearance. They prefer to choose those with beautiful faces and slim figures as their good friends.
I don’t think a good friend has to be beautiful or handsome. I think honesty is the most
important. …
2你在和Eric的交流中了解到中美两国课堂有各自不同的一些特点，请你根据下表简要描述这些特点，并就此谈谈自己的想法。 特点 ● ● ● 中国课堂 不称呼老师的姓名 仔细听讲、做笔记 举手发言 ● ● ● 美国课堂 学生面对面就座 比较放松，可以喝饮料 自由谈论 你的想法 …… 要求：⑴ 文章必须包括表中所有信息，可适当增加细节，细不要逐条翻译； ⑵ 想法必须在２个句子以上；
⑶ 文章的开头已给出（不计入总词数），你只需接着写； ⑷ 词数在８０左右。
There are some differences between a Chinese class and an American class. Let' have a look. In China,__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
范文：
There are some differences between a Chinese class and an American class. Let’s have a look. In China, students call their teachers with “Mr” or “Miss”. In class they always listen to teachers and take notes carefully. If they want to show their own ideas, they put up their hands first. However, in America, students sit around the desks, face to face. They have pretty relaxed rules. They can even drink coffeeor juice during classes. Aslo, they can speak out in class freely.
Different countries have different cultures. But I think Chinese class is better. We should be strict in our study.
3.假设某英文报“我爱写作”栏目为了配合创建“学习型城市”，正在举办专题英语征文比赛。请你根据下表所列的内容要点，以“Lifelong Learning”为题，用英语写一篇短文，参加比赛。
终身学习的意义 终身学习的途径 终身学习的益处 1．人们上学学习、参加考试，但学习不只在学校； 2．学校毕业，不是学习的终止。 去博物馆、阅读书籍、体育锻炼、外出旅行 考生自拟(至少一点) 注意： 1．词数90左右。短文的开头已为你写好，不计入总词数；
2．短文须包括所有要点，不要逐词翻译，可适当发挥，使短文连贯、通顺； 3．短文不得出现真实的人名、校名等相关信息。 Lifelong Learning
When you finish high school or university，is learning done? The answer is“no．”In many countries，people continue learning an their lives．
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 范文：
Lifelong Learning
When you finish high school or university，is learning done? The answer is“no．”many countries，people continue learning all their lives．
Why is lifelong learning important? You go to school and learn．You study．Y take tests．But learning doesn’t only happen in school．And learning doesn’t stop wh you finish high school or university．You are learning all the time．For example，learni can happen when you go to a museum．It can also happen when you read a book．Y learn when you play a sport or when you take a trip．Learning is life! We never st learning．Every day，you can improve yourself by learning something new．
请背诵下面中考英语作文必备的15句谚语
1. Every coin has two sides. 每个硬币都有两面，比喻事物的两面性。
2. The winter is coming and the spring is not far. 冬天已经临近了,春天还会远吗? 3. Failure is the mother of success. 失败是成功之母。 4. Practice makes perfect. 熟能生巧。
5. Actions speak louder than words. 事实胜于雄辩。 6. A fall into a pit, a gain in your wit. 吃一堑，长一智。 7. A good beginning is half done. 良好的开端是成功的一半。
8 Don't put off till tomorrow what should be done today. 今日事，今日毕。 9 Time and tide wait for no man. 时不我待。
10 Where there is a will, there is a way. 有志者事竟成。 11.There is no royal road to learning. 学无坦途。 12.Look before you leap. First think, then act.三思而后行 13.More haste, less speed.欲速则不达。 14.Easier said than done.说起来容易做起来难。
15.Genius is one percent inspiration and 99 percent perspiration. 天才一分来自灵感，九十九分来自勤奋
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