职称英语考试《理工类》章节练习题精选及
答案0516-4
1、Arctic MeltEarth\\'s North and South Poles are famous for being cold and icy. Last year, however, the amount of ice in the Arctic Ocean fell to a record low. Normally, ice builds in Arctic waters around the North Pole each winter and shrinks during the summer. But for many years, the amount of ice left by the end of summer has been declining. Since 1979, each decade has seen an 11. 4 percent drop in end of summer ice cover. Between 1981 and 2000, ice in the Arctic lost 22 percent of its thickness, becoming 1.13 meters thinner. Last summer, Arctic sea ice reached its skimpiest levels yet. By the end of summer 2007, the ice had shrunk to cover just 4.2 million square kilometers. That\\'s 38 percent less area than the average cover at that time of year. And it\\'s a very large 23 percent below the previous record low, which was set just 2 years ago. This continuing trend has scientists concerned. There may be several reasons for the ice melt, says Jinlun Zhang, an oceanographer at the University of Washington at Seattle. Unusually strong winds blew through the Arctic last summer. The winds pushed much of the ice out of the central Arctic, leaving a large area of thin
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ice and open water. Scientists also suspect that fewer clouds cover the Arctic now than in the past. Clearer skies allow more sunlight to reach the ocean. The extra heat warms both the water and the atmosphere. In parts of the Arctic Ocean last year, surface temperatures were 3.5℃ warmer than average and 1.5℃ warmer than the previous record high. With both air and water getting warmer, the ice is melting from both above and below. In some parts of the Beaufort Sea, north of Alaska and western Canada, ice that measured 3. 3 meters thick at the beginning of the summer measured just 50 centimeters by season\\'s end. The new measurements suggest that melting is far more severe than scientists have seen by just looking at ice cover from above, says Donald K. Perovich, a geophysicist at the U. S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory in Hanover, N. H. Some scientists fear that the Arctic is stuck in a warming trend from which it may never recover. What are the reasons for the ice melting according to the scientists?【单选题】
A.strong winds and clear skies
B.long summer and short winter
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C.open water and thin ice
D.light clouds and light winds
正确答案:A
答案解析:第5段最后一句和第6段第1句、第2句说明了科学家们推测的冰川融化原因：一为强风；二为较少的云，即clear skies。
2、Stress Lessen CourseDoreen Sykora is now a junior at McGill University. She had a difficult time when she first began college. She said, \"I was always well prepared for my examinations. But I would go in to class to take the exam, and I would fall apart. I could not answer the questions correctly-even though I knew the answers! I would just blank out because of nervousness and fear\". Histoshi Sakamoto, an anthropology student at Temple University in Tokyo reports similar experiences. These two young students were experiencing something called test anxiety. Because when a student worries and is stressed about a test, his or her mind does not work as well as it usually does. The
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student cannot write or think clearly because of the severe tension and nervousness. Now there are special university courses to help students. In these courses, advisors and psychologists try to help students by teaching them to manage test anxiety. Such a course helps students learn to live with stress and not fail because of it. First students take a practice test to measure their worry level. If the tests show that their stress level is high, the students can take a short course to manage the fear. These courses teach students how to relax their bodies. They get training to become calm in very tense situations. By controlling their nervousness, they can let their minds work more easily. Learned information then comes out without difficulty on a test. Doreen Sykora saw immediate results after taking such a course. She now has enthusiasm about the relaxation methods. \"Mostly, what I do is imagine myself in a very calm place. Then I imagine myself picking up a pencil. I move slowly and carefully. I breathe easily and let all the tension out. With each breath, more worry leaves me. It really works too. My grades have improved greatly! I\\'m really doing well at McGill now. This relaxation method works not only on examinations, but it has improved the rest of my life as well\". For Histoshi in Tokyo, the results were much the same. He is enjoying school a lot more and learning more. What\\'s the meaning of \"blank out\" in Paragraph one?【单选题】
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A.To be like a blanket.
B.To be sure of an answer.
C.To be relaxed.
D.To be unable to think clearly.
正确答案:D
答案解析:根据前后句，即使知道答案也不能正确回答问题，由于紧张和恐惧就会blank out，因此它的意思一定是不能够清楚地思考。因此选D。
3、Dairy Price-fixing ScandalTesco is preparing a legal battle to clear its name of involvement in the dairy price-fixing scandal that has cost consumers ￡270 million. Failure to prove that it had no part in collusion with other supermarkets and dairy processors may land it with a fine of at least ￡80 million. The
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Office of Fair Trading (OFT) said yesterday that Asda, Sainsbury\\'s and the former Safeway, plus the dairy companies Wiseman, Dairy Crest and Cheese Company, had admitted being in a cartel to fix prices for milk, butter and cheese. They were fined a total of just over ￡116 million as part of a leniency deal offered by the watchdog to companies that owned up quickly to anti-competitive behaviour.Officials at the OFT admitted privately that they did not think they would ever discover which company or individual had initiated the pricing formula. But the watchdog recognises that at the time supermarkets were under pressure from politicians and farmers to raise the cost of milk to save dairy farming, though it is not certain that money found its way to farmers. The OFT claimed in September that it had found evidence that the retail chains had passed future milk prices to dairy companies, which then reached a fixed price among themselves.The average cost to each household is thought to be ￡11.25 over 2002 and 2003, Prices went up an extra 3p on a pint of milk, 15p on a quarter of a pound of butter and 15p on a half pound of cheese. There is no direct recompense for consumers, however, and the money will go to the Treasury. The National Consumer Council gave warning that the admissions would dent consumer confidence in leading high street names and that people would become sceptical of their claims. Farmers for Action, the group of
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farmers that has led protests over low milk prices since 2000, is seeking legal advice on whether it can now bring a claim for compensation.The OFT investigation is continuing, however, in relation to Tesco, Morrisons and the dairy group Lactalis McLelland, and any legal action is expected to be delayed until that is completed. Tesco was defiant and said that it was preparing a robust defence of its actions. Lucy Neville-Rolfe, its executive director, said: \"As we have always said, we acted independently and we did not collude with anyone. Our position is different from our competitors and we are defending our own case vigorously. Our philosophy is to give a good deal to customers.\"Morrisons has supported the OFT in inquiries into the former safeway business that it took over, but in a statement said that it was still making \"strong representations\" in its defence. A spokeswoman for Lactalis McLelland said that the company was \"co-operating\" with the OFT. Industry insiders suggested that the three companies were deliberately stalling the OFT investigation.Sainsbury\\'s admitted yesterday that it had agreed to pay ￡26 million in fines, but denied that it had sought to profiteer. Justin King, the chief executive, said he was disappointed that the company had been penalised for actions meant to help farmers but recognised the benefit of a speedy settlement. Asda declined to say how much it would pay in fines and also said that its intention had been to help farmers
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under severe financial pressure.The word \"defiant\" (line 3, paragraph 4) most probably means ______.【单选题】
A.resisting B.angry
C.deficient
D.confident
正确答案:A
答案解析:猜词题。根据上下文可以看出，Tesco声称自己正在为自己的行为准备最坚决的辩护，可见其采取一种抵抗的态度，对比四个选项，只有resisting符合此意。
4、The orangutanAmong all the animals, the ape is most like human beings. Both people and apes have the similar brain structure, the similar nerve system, and the similar kind of
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blood. There are four kinds of apes: the chimpanzee (黑猩猩), the orangutan (猩猩), the gorilla (大猩猩), and the gibbon (长臂猿). They live in the deep forests and warm tropical regions of Africa and of Southeast Asia, including Indonesia. All apes are covered with brown, reddish-brown, or black hair everywhere on their bodies except their faces, feet, and hands. Their hands each have four fingers and a thumb that helps them grip things the way our thumbs help us. But they also have a thumb on each foot instead of a big toe. Thus they can hold things with their feet also. Having short, weak legs, apes do not walk on the ground very much. However, their arms are very strong. This enables them to swing from branches and travel very quickly from tree to tree. These animals live in small family groups that move from place to place in search of vegetables and fruits. They also eat eggs, small animals, nuts, and insects. When they are tired, they build nests in the trees. But they rarely sleep there for more than a night or two. Then they move on to look for more food. There are some differences among the following three kids of apes. The gibbon is never more than three feet high and weight only about fourteen pounds. The gorilla grows to be six feet tall and weight up to 600 pounds. The orangutan is smaller than the gorilla. It stands three to five feet tall and weight up to 200 pounds. Chimpanzees are the smartest of all
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apes. They can be taught to sit at a table and eat, to dress themselves, and to do things that human children can do. Which of the following sentences is TRUE?【单选题】
A.All apes are brown or black.
B.All parts of apes\\' bodies are covered with hair.
C.Apes have weak legs but very strong arms.
D.Apes\\' arms are strong enough to swim.
正确答案:C
答案解析:由文章第3段倒数第2句和第3句可知，猿的腿短而无力，但手臂很强壮，故选C。倒数第1句说强壮的手臂使得猿能够swing而不是swim，排除D。由该段第1句和第2句可排除A、B。
5、Arctic MeltEarth\\'s North and South Poles are famous for
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being cold and icy. Last year, however, the amount of ice in the Arctic Ocean (北冰群) fell to a record low.Normally, ice builds in Arctic waters around the North Pole each winter and shrinks(缩小) during the summer. But for many years, the amount of ice left by the end of summer has been declining.Since 1979, each decade has seen an 11.4 percent drop in end of summer ice cover. Between 1981 and 2000, ice in the Arctic lost 22 percent of its thickness, becoming 1.13 meters thinner.Last summer, Arctic sea ice reached its thinnest levels. By the end of summer 2007, the ice had shrunk to cover just 4.2 million square kilometers. That\\'s 38 percent less area than the average cover at that time of year. And it\\'s a very large 23 percent below the previous record low, which was set just 2 years ago. This continuing trend has made scientists concerned to.There may be several reasons for the ice melt, says Jinlun Zhang, an oceanographer (海洋学家)at the University of Washington in Seattle. Unusually strong winds blew through the Arctic last summer. The winds pushed much of the ice out of the central Arctic, leaving a large area of thin ice and open water.Scientists also suspect that fewer clouds cover the Arctic now than in the past. Clearer skies allow more sunlight to reach the ocean. The extra heat warms both the water and the atmosphere. In parts of the Arctic Ocean last year, surface temperatures were 3.57
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Celsius warmer than the average and 1.5c warmer than the previous record.With both air and water getting warmer, the ice is melting from both above and below. In some parts of the Beaufort Sea, north of Alaska and western Canada, ice that measured 3.3 meters thick at the beginning of the summer was measured just 50 cm by season\\'s endThe new measurements suggest that melting is far more severe than the thinking of scientists. Some scientists fear that the Arctic is stuck in a warming trend.What may be some of the reasons for the ice melt in the Arctic? ______【单选题】
A.Unusually strong winds and clearer skies.
B.Heavy clouds and light winds.
C.Longer summers and shorter winters.
D.Thin ice and open water.
正确答案:A
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答案解析:本题有一定的难度，但答案依据还是比较明显，不过跨越了两个段落，文章第五段谈到去年有强风刮过北极，第六段谈到科学家怀疑云层少了，所以答案是A。
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