重点词汇
1. native用法详解:
(1)adj. a.出生地的,祖国的 b.(+to)本土的,本国的,(某地)土生的 (2)n.【C】(+of)本地人,本国人,(某地)原有的动/植物 归纳拓展
go native 入乡随俗;同化 经典例句
The kangaroo is a native of Australia.袋鼠是澳大利亚的一种土生动物。 He has lived in the USA for many years and gone completely native.
他在美国居住多年,已完全适应了当地人的生活方式。
As a third-generation native of Brownsville,Texas,Mildred Garza never planned to move away.
作为德克萨斯州布朗斯维尔地区第三代土生土长的人,米尔德里德.加尔萨从来没有计划过离开此地。
2. attitude用法详解
attitude n.【C】态度,看法。attitude前常用good,bad,positive,negative等形容词修饰。 常见搭配:an attitude to/toward(s)对......的态度/看法
have/show a/an ......attitude to/toward(s)......对......持......态度 An attitude of mind 心态问题
What’s your attitude to/toward(s)this idea?你对这种想法持什么态度? He took s friendly attitude toward(s)us.他对我们采取了友善的态度。 He shows a very positive attitude to his work.他的工作态度非常积极。 Youth is simply an attitude of mind.青春仅仅是心态问题。 归纳拓展
attitude容易和altitude(n.海拔,高度)混淆,其他以后缀-itude结尾的词还有: Latitude(n.纬度) longitude(n.经度) multitude(n.大量;群众)
3. refer to用法详解:
refer to中的to是介词,后接名词,代词或v.-ing。 (1)涉及,与......相关
These books refer to Asian problems.这些书涉及亚洲问题。
This paragraph refers to the events of last year.这段说的是去年发生的事。 (2)提到,谈及,说起。常见搭配: refer to sb./sth. As sth. 称......为......
I promised not to refer to the matter again.我答应过再也不提及这件事了。
When I said that somebody was really naughty,I did not refer to you.当我说某人调皮时,我不是指你。 She always refers to Ben as“that nice man”,她总是称本为“那个大好人”。 (3)查阅,参考。常见搭配:refer to a dictionary 查词典
Please refer to the last page of the book.请查阅书的最后一页。 特别提醒
注意refer的过去式,过去分词和现在分词分别为referred,referred,referring。类似的词还有prefer,occur,infer等。
4. all the way意为:自始至终
She didn't speak a word to me all the way back home.回家的路上,她自始至终没对我说过一句话。 归纳拓展
in no way绝不(位于句首时,句子要部分倒装) in some way 再某种程度上;在某些方面 in this way 以这种方式 in the/sb.’s way 挡着......的路,妨碍 on the/one’s way(to)在(去往......的)路上 by way of经由,经过
by the way 附带问一句;顺便提一下 no way 没门儿(常用于交际用语)
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5. despite用法详解
despite意为:虽然,尽管,为介词,后接名词,代词或v.-ing,不能接从句。它相当于in spite of,但其本身是介词,不能与of 连用。
Despite/In spite of his old age,he still leads an active life.尽管年事已高,他依旧过着一种忙碌的生活。 He still helped us heartily despite/in spite of being exhausted after working three hours.尽管在工作三个小时后累得筋疲力尽,他仍然热心地帮助我们。 特别提醒
“in spite of/despite+n.”相当于although/though/as 引导的让步状语从句。尽管交通拥挤,他还是设法准时到达了。
In spite of/Despite the heavy traffic,he managed to arrive on time. Although/Though the traffic was heavy,he managed to arrive on time. Heavy as/though the traffic was,he managed to arrive on time.
6. up and downs 浮沉;兴衰;荣辱,为名词短语 up and down(1)上下波动,起伏
The boat floated up and down on the water.小船在水面上下浮动。 (3)来回,往复
She was pacing up and down in front of her desk.她在办公桌前踱来踱去。 (4)时好时坏
My relationship with him was up and down. 归纳拓展
与up and down 结果相似的常见短语:
Back and forth反复来回 in and out 进进出出 here and there 到处 day and night 日日夜夜
7. base用法详解
(1)vt.把......建立在......的基础上;以......为据点,把(总部等)设在...... 常见搭配:base......on/upon ......以为......为基础(或根据)(其被动形式为)
......be based on/upon...... base sb./sth./oneself in......以......为据点,把(总部等)设在...... We should base our opinions on facts.我们的意见应该以事实为根据。 The story is based on facts.这个故事是一事实为依据的。
We are going to base ourselves in Beijing and travel from there.我们将以北京为据点去旅行。 (2)n.基底,底座;基地;据点,总部,大本营;根据,出发点;基础,常见搭配: at the base of......在......底部
The base of the vase is very large,so it can stand steadily.这个花瓶的底座很大, 因此它能站得很稳。 We camped at the base of the mountain.我们在山脚下露营。 归纳拓展
相关词语积累:basic adj.基础的,基本的;初级的;必需的 baseless adj.无根据的 basically adv.基本上;从根本上说 经典例句
The exact origin of baseball is unknown,but it is probably based on an old English game called rounders. 棒球的确起源无人知晓,但是它很可能是以英国一项古老的称作“圆场棒球”的比赛为基础的。 The first plates were made in about 1780,and were based on Chinese designs. 最初的盘子是于1780年左右在中国的图案涉及的基础上制造的。
8. date用法详解
(1)vt.注明......的日期;确定......的年代
Don’t forget to date your letter.信上不要忘了写日期。 和......约会
Is he still dating Mary?他还在和玛丽约会吗?
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(2)vi.过时,不流行
She designs classic clothes which do not date.她涉及的古朴式样服装不会过时。 归纳拓展
date back to/from 追溯到 make a date with sb.与某人约会
be out on a date出去约会 up to date拥有(或包含)最新信息的;最新的
9. divide用法详解
v.分割;分配;除(以)
divide sth. between/among sb.把某物分配给某人 divide sth. between A and B在A和B之间分配某物 divide sth. In half/into halves 把某物分成两部分 divide A by B A除以B A divided by B is......A除以B等于......
The money will be divided equally among the schools.这笔钱将在学校间平分。
He has decided to divide the books between Class1 and Class2.他已决定把这些书分配给一班和二班。 The apple was divided into halves/in half.这个苹果被一分为二。
If you divide 12 by 4,you will get 3.如果你用12除以4,你会得到3。 15 divided by 3 i 5. 15除以3等于5。 归纳拓展
divide ......into 翻译为:把......分成。其被动形式为be divided into(被分成......) The textbook is divided into 30 lessons.这本教科书被分成30课。 辨析比较divide/separate
易混淆词 含义以及用法 divide 指把整体分成若干部分,常与介词into 连用。We divided the apple into several pieces.我们把苹果分成了几块。 指把原来连在一起的或者靠近的人或食物分开,个体没有遭到破坏,常与介词from 连用。Please separate the bad apples form the good ones.请把坏苹果和好苹果分开。 一刀切开一个苹果 Separate 四个苹果分开放 10. variety n.【U】变化,多样化;【C】品种
We all need variety in our diet.我们都需要饮食多样化。 归纳拓展
a variety of(=various=varieties of) 意为“各种各样的,种种”。其后接名词复数且variety前可用great,large,wide等词修饰。
He left for a variety of reasons.他由于种种原因离开了。
Varieties of flowers are sold in the market.这个市场销售各种各样的花。 特别提醒
(1)a variety of后接名词复数做主语是,谓语动词常用复数形式。
A great variety of patterns were provided to customers.种类繁多的图案被提供给了顾客。 (2)“the variety of+名词复数”翻译为:......的品种,做主语时位于动词用单数形式。 The variety of goods in this shop is rich.这家有商店的货物品种丰富。 相关词语积累:
(1)various adj. 各种不同的,各种各样的 (2)vary v.相异;改变。常见搭配:
vary in 在某方面不同 vary from......to ......从......到......不同 vary with随......而变化
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11. major用法详解
(1)adj.主要的;重要的;大的(一般做前置定语)
The major problem at present is how to overcome all the difficulties.目前的主要问题是如何克服所有的困难。 A major earthquake happened in Japan on March11,2011.2011年3月11日日本发生了大地震。 (2)n.【C】主修课程;专业课;vi.主修 搭配:major in 主修
The student,majoring in economics at college,made a comment on the matter.那个大学专业是经济学的学生对此事作了评论。
She majors in management.That is,her major in management.她主修管理学。也就是说,她的专业课是管理学。
助记 : major adj. 大的 majority n.多数 minor adj. 较少的 minority n.少数
12. means 用法详解
(1)means n.方式,方法,途径(单复数同形) means of(doing)sth. (做)某事的方法/方式
by means of 借助......手段,依靠......方法 by no means 决不;一点也不(置于句首时,句子部分倒装) by all means 没问题;当然行 by this means=in this way=with this method 通过这种方式 (2)meaning n.意思;意义
meaningful adj.重要的 meaningless adj.毫无意义 (3)meantime/meanwhile adv.同时 n.其间
in the meantime/meanwhile 与此同时;在此期间 知识链接
mean v.&adj.
(1)vt.(meant,meant)有......的目的,打算。常见搭配:
be meant to do旨在做 be meant for 打算作......用 mean to do sth. 打算做某事 had meant to do sth.本打算作某事(而实际上未做)
I think the police are meant to protect people.我认为警察的职责就是保护人民。
I had meant to five you this book,but I forgot.我本打算给你这本书的,可是我忘了。 (2)vt.意思是;意味着。常见搭配:
mean doing sth.意味着做某事 What do you mean by......?你......是什么意思? Success means working hard.成功意味着要付出努力。 What do you mean by saying that?你那样说是什么意思? (3)adj.吝啬的,小气的;刻薄。常见搭配:
be mean with sth.在......方面吝啬 be mean to sb.对某人刻薄 Don't be so mean to your little brother!别对你小弟弟那么刻薄!
13. regard用法详解
(1)n.(复数)问候,致意
Please give my regards to your parents.请代我向你父母问好。 (2)vt.常与as连用,认为;把......看作
Generally,girls regard science subjects as more difficult.女孩通常认为理科更难。 尊重;尊敬 regard sb’s advice 重视某人的建议 知识拓展
regardless adv.不顾,不加理会 regardless of 不管;不顾
14. appreciate用法详解
(1)vt.理解,意识到,领会
He didn't fully appreciate the significance of signing the contract.他没有完全理解签署这份合同的意义。 We appreciate that caring for children is an important job.我们意识到照顾小孩子是个重要的工作。
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(2)vt.欣赏,赏识
He appreciates your talent.他赏识你的才能。
Her abilities are not fully appreciated by her employer.她的才干没有得到雇主的充分赏识。 (3)vt.感激,感谢。常见搭配:
appreciate(sb.)doing sth. ...... 感激(某人)做......
I would appreciate it if......(it做形式宾语)如果......,我将不胜感激。
We would appreciate you letting us know of any problems.如有任何问题,请告诉我们。 I’d appreciate it if you could let me know in advance whether or not you will come.
如果你能提前让我知道你是否要来,我将不胜感激。 特别提醒
(1)appreciate不用于进行时。它表示“感谢”时,常接“事”做宾语,与thank 刚好相反,thank常构成“thank sb. for sth.”因某事而感谢某人,比较: I greatly appreciate your help.
Thank you very much for your help.非常感谢你的帮助。
(2)appreciate 后面不能接不定式。另外,appreciate后面不能直接跟if(如果)引导的从句,若接if从句,要借助于it,即appreciate it if......。 知识拓展
相关词语积累: appreciation n. 欣赏;感激,感谢 appreciative adj. 欣赏的;感激的
15. specific用法详解
(1)adj.明确的,具体的。常见搭配:to be specific 说得明确些(具体地说) Only if you have a specific aim in your life will you not get lost.
只有拥有一个明确得生活目标, 你才不会迷失方向。
I know that the concert is to be held on Friday but I don't know the specific time. 我知道音乐会是在周五举行,但我不知道具体的时间。
We should make a concrete analysis of each specific question.我们要具体问题具体分析。 To be specific,he is 34 years old.具体地说,他34岁了。 (2)adj.特定的(常做前置定语);特有的,独特的
Massage may help to increase blood flow in specific parts of the body. 按摩有助于增加身体特定部位的血液流量。
The animal is specific to this area.这种动物是这个地区特有的。 辨析比较 specific/special 易混淆词 specific 着重指某种,某类事物的唯一性,独特性,奇异性,也可指特别考虑的事物。 The town relies on its specific landscape for developing the tourism industry.这个城镇依靠它独特的风光发展旅游业。 指不同于一般,与众不同,着重指事物的专门性,目的性。 Your birthday is a special day for you.你的生日对你来说是一个特殊的日子。 special 16. 考点提炼
reason做先行词,后接定语从句时:
(1)若关系词在从句中做状语,要用why或for which引导定语从句。
The reason why/for which he was late was that he got up late.他迟到的原因是他起床晚了。
(2)若关系词在从句中做主语,宾语等,要用which或that引导定语从句。关系词做宾语时可将其省略。 He gave us a reason that/which sounded reasonable. 他给了我们一个理由,这个理由听起来合情合理。(关系词在从句中作主语) The season(which/that)he has given sounds reasonable. 他给出的理由听起来合情合理。(关系词做given的宾语,可省略)
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17. 考点提炼
It was a time when......句型
“It was a time when......”翻译为:那段时间......,为固定句式。在此固定句式中,a time 是先行词,when为关系副词,引导定语从句,并在从句中还时间状语。有时也用“There was a time when......”(曾经有一段时间......)。
It was a time when girls couldn’t go to school.那时女孩不能上学。
That was a time when this country was one of the strongest countries in the world. 这个国家那段时间是世界上最强大的国家之一。
There was a time when he was very disappointed and wanted to leave here. 他曾经有一段时间很失望,想离开这里。
There was a time when I was getting along well with my classmates. 曾经有一段时间我和同学们相处得很好。
18. 考点提炼
where引导定语从句
when为关系副词,在引导定语从句时,先行词常常为表示地点的名词,同时,where在定语从句中做地点状语。
They finally arrived at the village where they spent their childhood.他们终于到达了他们度过童年的那个村庄。 知识拓展
当先行词为抽象名词如:activity,case,point等时,如果关系词在定语从句中做状语,则用where。 This is the place where I hid the key.这就是我藏钥匙的地方。
Today,we’ll discuss a number of cases where beginners of English fail to use the language properly. 今天,我们将讨论一些英语初学者对英语使用不当的问题。 注意:
(1)表示抽象地点的名词后接定语从句时,如果关系词在从句中不做状语,而是做宾语或主语等,则关系词不能用where,而要用that/which。
Remember that there is still one point that/which we must make clear at the conference tomorrow.
记住在明天的会议上我们还有一点必须弄清楚。(which/that做宾语) (2)关系副词where引导定语从句时,可用“介词+关系代词”替换。
They need an activity where(=in which)they can learn to cooperate with each other.他们需要一项他们能够在其中学习相互协作的活动。
19. 考点提炼 “of+名词”结构
“of+名词”结构可在句中作表语,后置定语和宾语补足语。该结构可分为两类: (1)不可以转化为形容词:此时,“of+名词”结构用来说明句子主语在重量,大笑,颜色,类别等方面的特征。这类名词有color,size,age,height,weight,shape,type,kind,price,quality等,名词前可用different,the same,a(n)等来修饰。
Coins may be of different sizes,weights,shapes,and metals.硬币可能在大小,重量,形状和(铸造所用的)金属方面有所不同。
These pens are of many different colors.这些笔有许多不同的颜色。 The two rooms are of a size/of the same size.这两个房间大小不一样。 Tom and I are of the same age.我们汤姆一样大。 (2)可以转化为同根形容词的:此时,“of+名词”结构用来说明句子主语所具有的作用,重要性或意义等。这类名词有value,use,importance,help,significance,benefit,beauty等。名词前可用no,some,any,little,much,great等词修饰,用来表明程度。
Dictionaries are of great help(=very helpful)to English learners.字典对英语学习者来说很有帮助的。
In fact,sports can be of great benefit(=very beneficial)to our health.事实上,运动对我们的健康很有益。 特别提醒
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“of+名词”和同根形容词的转换如下:
be of significance=be significant 有重大的意义的 be of importance=be important be of help=be helpful 有帮助的 be of use=be useful 有用的
be of value=be valuable 宝贵的,很有用的 be of benefit=be beneficial 有利的,有用的
20. 考点提炼
“no matter+where/what......”引导的让步状语从句
Beidou navigation of our country can find you no matter where you are.
不管你在那儿,我们的国家的北斗导航都能够发现你。
No matter what you do,you should always do what is right.无论你做什么,你应该总是做正确的事情。 特别提醒
(1)no matter how/who/where/when/what/which......引导让步状语从句时,可换成
however/whoever/wherever/whenever/whatever/whichever(无论多么/无论谁/无论那里/无论何时/无论什么/无论哪个)等。但当whoever,whichever,whatever引导名词性从句时,它们不能换成no matter who/which/what。 (2)引导名词性从句的whoever相当于anyone who或anybody who;whatever相当于anything that。在这种情况下,名词性从句可以转换为定语从句,并且whoever,whatever相当于定语从句中的“先行词+关系词” I would like to see whoever(anybody who)is not busy now.谁现在不忙,我就要见谁。
We’ll try to give them whatever(anybody that)they want.我们会努力给它们想要的任何东西。
21. 考点提炼
as引导原因状语从句
as引导原因状语从句,表示“因为,由于”,相当于since,常用来表示已为人们所知或显而易见的原因或者理由。as在引导原因状语从句时,一般放在句首,语气较弱,较口语化。注意其与because,since的区别:because语气较强,表示一种直接的原因,常用于回答疑问词why引导的疑问句;since 常用在书面语中,表示多为对方已知的或稍加分析便可得知的原因。
As you’re not feeling well,you may stay at home.既然你身体不好,你可以呆在家里。 As it has rained,the air is cooler.因为下过雨,所以空气比较凉爽。
Since you are so sure of it,he’ll believe you.既然你对此时如此有把握,他会相信你的。 He will succeed because he is careful.他一定会成功,因为他很认真。 归纳拓展
(1)引导时间状语从句,翻译为:当......时;随着......
The girl dances as she sings on the stage.这个女孩子在舞台上载歌载舞。
As children get older,they become more and more interested in the things around them. 随着年龄的增长,孩子们对周围的事物越来越感兴趣。 (2)引导方式状语从句,翻译为:照......方式。
You must do everything as I do.你必须要按照我做事的样子去做所有事。 Leave it as it is.让它维持原状好了。
(3)引导比较状语从句。多用于as......as或not so/as......as中,前一个as是副词,后一个as 是连词,它所引导的比较状语从句多使用省略形式。
I don't speak English so/as well as he(speak English).我讲英语没有他讲得那么好。
(4)引导让步状语从句。as引导得让步状语必须用倒装的形式,倒装时将表语(单数可数名词做表语时要省略冠词),状语或者谓语动词提前。
Child as he was,he know that was the right thing to do.尽管他是个孩子,他却知道什么是该做的事情。 Try as I like it,I can't afford the laptop.虽然我非常喜欢这部笔记本电脑,但是我买不起。 (5)as用作关系代词引导定语从句,翻译:正如,如同......
As we expected,he succeeded in passing the exam.正如我们所预料的那样,他成功同通过了考试。
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