四、六级阅卷老师在语言方面主要从两个方面进行评判： 1、基本正确
四、六级考生的最大问题不是写得太简单，而是严重错误太多。基础一般的同学即使使用小学或中学词汇和句型，只要使用得基本正确，也可以得到及格分数。考生最常犯的语言错误有三类：语法、拼写、标点。最常犯的语法错误包括：时态、冠词、主谓一致、名词单复数等。
2、丰富多变
基础较好的同学，要想取得四、六级写作高分，应做到丰富多变。丰富多变体现在词汇和句型两方面。同一词语在一句话、一个段落乃至一篇文章中最好不要重复出现，应尽量使用同、近义词替换（无法替换的关键词除外）。例如：think可以替换为reckon, assume, argue等词。如果想不到同、近义词，可以使用上义词进行替换。此外，句型也应富于变化，不要拘泥于主谓宾句型，可以使用主系表、过去分词和现在分词短语作状语、不定式短语作状语、状语从句等多种句型。
四级作文如果量化成句数，只需写10句左右；六级只需12句左右。全文应以短句为主，长短句相结合。所谓短句是指10个词左右的句子，不能全篇都是5、6个词的短句。同时，全文应有一定数量的长句，一般15~20词即可，太长则易冗赘。有的同学以为只写长句不写短句，就能取得高分，实际上老师看长句会觉得很累，以为你不会写短句，通常不会给高分。如果一篇中文作文每句都30多个字，定然晦涩难懂，英文也不例外。精炼的短句可以放在段首表示强调； 复杂的长句可以进行具体的论证、举例或描述。 高分真经 （一）背诵
背诵是提高英语综合能力的法宝，可分为以下5个层次：（1）精彩词汇；（2）精彩句型；（3）精彩句子；（4）万能框架；（5）经典范文。注意句子和句型不一样，精彩句子应作为单词来记忆。背诵前，确保自己已充分理解所有内容。
语言学习有两个关键词——输入（INPUT）和输出（OUTPUT）。听力和阅读属于输入，考生处于被动状态，只需在考场上将听到和看到的东西弄懂。应对这种题目的技巧很多，容易在短期内提高。但口语和写作属于输出，考生必须变被动为主动，这很难在短期内突破。没有大量的输入，很难进行自由输出。
四、六级写作需要在30分钟内完成一篇短文，共计120或150余字，很多同学叫苦不迭。但若将其改为中文作文，大家就会觉得易如反掌。原因何在？俗话说：“熟读唐诗三百首，不会做诗也能吟。”同学们从小到大背诵了大量中文佳作，可以随意组合，自由输出。然而，在英语学习中，多数同学只沉溺于背单词、抠语法、做阅读，很少有人背诵英文文章。正因为没有大量输入，写作才始终处于“挤牙膏”状态，想一句说一句，说一句翻译一句。 提高英语写作要多读、多背、多写、多改。多读、多背是首要任务，是积累输入的关键。考生应大量积累经典英文句型、表达和范文，平时勤于背诵。
有的同学问我，说自己背过很多英文文章，但上了考场还是大脑一片空白，什么都想不起来。这种情况很常见，主要有两个原因：一是没有进行造句的工作，只是盲目背诵。二是背得不够熟练。学习任何东西都讲究先求质，再求量。大家英语学了很多年，文章看了很多，为什么写作还是学不好？关键是量铺开了，但质没有上去。一篇文章应背到脱口而出的程度，如果还需要过脑子，就证明背得不够熟练。一知半解，背得再多也是徒劳。 （二）默写
背完经典范文后，进行默写。然后对照原文纠错，搞清楚错在什么地方。多数同学在写
的时候都会犯小错误，如拼写、单复数、大小写等。这些就是你在写作中的弱点，也是阅卷老师最不能容忍的地方。培根说过：“Writing makes an exact man.”（写作使人精确。）只有默写下来你才会发现自己常犯哪些错误。 （三）中译英
中译英也是提高写作的好方法。根据范文的中文译文，将其按自己的理解译成英文。译完后，你就会发现自己的翻译和原文有很大差距，这些差距就是取得写作高分的关键。这时，对照范文，看看原作者是怎么写的，思考为什么这么写。同样的一句中文，范文中使用了哪些词汇和句型？你使用了哪些词汇和句型？学习范文使用不同的词汇和句型。通过不断练习，你的写作水平不知不觉就提高了。 （四）写作
模仿范文写作新的文章，套用范文的精彩词汇、句型、句子和框架。最初套用时可能比较生硬，但随着不断的积累，组合起来会越来越顺手。
上述的高分策略是提高四、六级英语写作水平最有效的方法。在练习写作的初始阶段, 可勤查语法书和字典等工具书, 背记常用词和短语，以扩大词汇量，拓展知识面。背单词时要深刻理解所背词语的内在含义，并了解其使用环境。备考时，熟记一些过渡词、句型和范文，并进行仿写。考试时，使用学习过的、熟悉而有把握的词汇和句型，没有把握的句子，尽量采取“回避政策”，切忌自编自造汉语式的英语词组和句型。
大学英语考试作文的主要类型有提纲式作文、主题句作文和关键词作文三大类。主题句作文和关键词作文在大学英语等级考试早期的试卷中出现过几次，但是在以后的试卷中几乎就没有再出现过了。从上世纪九十年代初期开始，大学英语四、六级考试作文的题型基本上都是提纲式作文。因此，本章主要讲解大学英语考试写作中提纲式作文的常见题型及其写作技巧，对主题句作文及其写作技巧只作简要叙述。
大学英语考试写作中的提纲式作文题型主要有阐述对立观点型、说明利弊型、解决问题型、解释缘由型、阐述名言型、分析图表型和描述图画型七种。每一种题型都有其各自的特点和写作技巧。
大学英语考试作文写作技巧是大学英语考试作文写作理论和实践经验的集中体现，是通过大学英语考试作文的写作方法来具体表现的。“方法好事半功倍，方法不好事倍功半” 这是人们公认的一个基本事实。因此，要想取得大学英语考试写作的好成绩，就必须要学会识别大学英语考试写作中的作文题型，并掌握其相应的写作技巧。
提纲式作文七种常见题型的写作技巧虽然各异，但是其写作要领中的不少步骤却是相同或相似的。本章在分别讲解七种常见题型的写作技巧前，将其相同或相似的写作要领先作一统一介绍。写好七种提纲式作文相同或相似的要领有以下八个方面：
1．认真阅读，仔细分析，准确把握提纲的内涵。目前大学英语考试作文写作中的提纲式作文，一般都会给出作文的标题、中文或英文提纲，并且在提纲中一般都规定了写作对象、范围、目的等，因此，弄清提纲的思路和旨意是写好作文的前提。审题时，首先要认真阅读、仔细分析提纲，注意弄清提纲交代的主要内容、反映的意义、要达到的目的、各个层次之间的联系和重点，只有这样才能构思出合乎提纲要求的文章。
2．根据提纲规定的方向和范围写好主题句。主题句是发展深化提纲的前提，是对提纲的补充和扩展，主题句要写得清晰明了、意义完整、有利于段落的展开。各段落的展开必须围绕主题句，要注意确定重点，选准扩充点，将较抽象的内容具体化。要避免不假思索地围绕提纲堆砌材料，或者将中文提纲简单地译成英文，或者将英文提纲生硬照搬。
3．合理确定文章结构。大学英语考试中的提纲式作文一般都采用三段式或四段式结构。因此，在平时练习中应根据自己的爱好选用其中的一种结构模式进行反复训练，熟练掌握，
以便考试时能得心应手地运用。
4．选择恰当的写作模式。提纲式作文的结构及写作方法具有一定的规律性和相对固定的写作模式。在平时的练习中应熟悉和掌握这些相对固定的模式，以便于运用。这是一种快速、高效、高分的作文技巧。它可使我们在考试时既能节约时间，又能写出内容切题，思路清晰，结构合理，层次分明，启、承、转、合连贯，语言规范，句式多样的作文。
5．选择恰当的段落展开方法。提纲作文多数是议论文，宜采用概括、归纳法写开头部分；用解释、列举、举例法写中心部分；用总结、归纳法写结尾部分。
6．选用恰当的句型，注意衔接与过渡。提纲式作文各个段落的开头和结尾都有一些共性，因此有一些常用的句型在平时应反复练习，熟练掌握，以便运用时得心应手。此外，还应注意选用好句子和段落间的衔接与过渡句。
7．用好时态。提纲式作文是论理和讲事实的文章，多用一般现在时。
8．注意检查与修改。无论是提纲式作文、主题句作文还是关键词作文，写完后都要重点检查阐述是否清楚，主题的表达是否完整，用词是否恰当，句子结构是否正确，文字是否通顺，句式是否有变化，过渡衔接是否自然，以及字数是否达到规定的要求等。如果没有达到这些要求，应及时对不足部分进行修改。
第一节 阐述对立观点型
一、常见命题形式
阐述对立观点型作文常见的命题形式是： 1．有（些）人认为……； 2．也有（些）人认为……； 3．我的看法或观点。
在过去的大学英语考试作文写作中阐述对立观点型作文的出现频率是比较高的，例如： 1．Spring Festival Eve (CET-4 2006.12)
Direction: For this part, you are allowed thirty minutes to write a composition on the topic Spring Festival Eve. You should write at least 100 words, and base your composition on the outline (given in Chinese) below
（1）许多人喜欢在除夕夜观看春节晚会； （2）但是有些人提出取消春节晚会； （3）我的看法。
2．Reading Selectively or Extensively (CET-4, 1999.06)
Directions: For this part, you are allowed thirty minutes to write a composition on the topic Reading Selectively or Extensively? You should write at least 100 words, and base your composition on the outline (given in Chinese) below:
（1）有人认为读书要有选择； （2）有人认为应当博览群书； （3）我的看法。
3．Can Money Buy Happiness? (CET-4, 1995.01)
Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic Can Money Buy Happiness? You should write no less than 100 words, and you should base your composition on the outline (given in Chinese) below:
（1）有人认为金钱是幸福之本（source of happiness）； （2）也有人认为金钱是万恶之源（root of evil）； （3）我的看法。
4．Do Lucky Numbers Really Bring Luck? (CET-4, 1998.06)
Directions: For this part, you are allowed thirty minutes to write a composition on the topic Do “Lucky Numbers” Really Bring Good Luck? You should write at least 100 words, and you should base your composition on the outline (given in Chinese) below:
（1）有些人认为某些数字会带来运气； （2）也有些人认为数字与运气无关； （3）试说明你的看法。
5．Is a Test of Spoken English Necessary? (CET-4, 2000.06)
Directions: For this part, you are allowed thirty minutes to write a composition on the topic Is a Test of Spoken English Necessary? The first sentence has already been written for you. You should write at least 120 words, and base your composition on the outline given in Chinese below:
（1）很多人认为有必要举行英语口语考试，理由是……； （2）也有人持不同的意见； （3）我的看法和打算。
6．Should the University Campus Be Open to Tourists? (CET-4, 2005.12)
Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay entitled Should the University Campus Be Open to Tourists? You should write at least 120 words following the outline given below:
（1）名校校园正成为旅游新热点；
（2）校园是否应对游客开放，人们看法不同； （3）我认为……。
7．Is Failure a Bad Thing? （CET-4, 1992.01）
Directions: For this part you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition in no less than 100 words on the topic Is Failure a Bad Thing? You should base your composition on the following outline (give in Chinese):
（1）失败是常有的事；
（2）人们对失败有各种不同的态度； （3）我对失败的态度。
二、段落布局及写作模式 例1：Is Failure a Bad Thing? 段落布局 写作模式 People’s views on failure vary from person to person. Some people take it for granted that failure is a bad thing because they think failure is a heavy blow towards achieving one’s desired goal. Many people can not endure failure and can never pluck up their courage to try again when they fail in their attempts to accomplish something. However, others don’t believe that failure is a bad thing, for they believe that failure is the mother of success. As for me, I am in favor of the second opinion for the following reasons. First, just as a popular saying goes, “everything has two sides.” Failure may give us a heavy blow, but we can learn lessons from it. We can gain considerable benefits out of it. Second, nobody was born to be a success. Everybody's life can never be plain sailing, it must be full of difficulties and setbacks. No one can avoid failure in his whole life. Third, in the same way, nobody was born to be a failure. If we hold a positive attitude towards failure, we will overcome difficulties and frustrations to win victory. Last but not least, from the dialectical point of view, failure and success can be converted each other. We can try our best to convert failure to success. Based on what we have just discussed above, we may come to the conclusion that failure is not a bad thing. Failure can be converted to success. Failure is the mother of success. Therefore, don’t lose your heart when you meet with failure. Pluck up your courage to try again and again, and the final victory will be yours eventually. Para. 1 Para. 2 Para. 3 例2：Can Money Buy Happiness? 段落布局 Para. 1 写作模式 When it comes to money, different people will offer different views on it. Many people take it for granted that money is the source of happiness. They hold this opinion because they think with money you can get everything you want. However, there are still some people who object to this argument. They think that money is the root of evil. They believe that with money some people will visit prostitutes and abuse drugs, others will bribe governmental officials and manipulate an election, and so on. As far as I am concerned, I support neither of the two opinions for the following reasons. In the first place, while it is true that money is something, it doesn’t follow that money is everything. In the second place, not every rich person is happy, nor is every poor person unhappy. Besides, many people lose their lives when they hunt for money. Therefore, money is useful. Money can buy something, but money can’t buy everything. In accordance with what we have just discussed above, we may arrive at the conclusion that money itself is neither good nor bad. Money itself has nothing to do with happiness or evil. It is the person who uses money that can be regarded as good or bad. We must have money, but we must not be the slaves of money. Para. 2 Para. 3 Para. 4 第二节 说明利弊型
一、常见命题形式
说明利弊型作文常见的命题形式主要有两种：第一种是对某一事物的利或弊单方面发表看法；第二种是对某一事物的正反两方面发表看法。
（一）对某一事物的利或弊单方面发表看法
对某一事物的利或弊单方面发表看法就是：说明某一事物的利或弊（如：Advantages/ Disadvantages, Positive/ Negative Aspects, Harmfulness of Something.）。其常见的表达方式为： 1．某一事物的现状；
2．产生这一现状的原因； 3．这一事物的好处或弊端。 例如：
1．Advantages of a Job Interview (CET-4, 1995.06)
Directions: For this part, you are allowed thirty minutes to write a composition on the topic Advantages of a Job Interview. You should write at least 100 words, and you should base your composition on the outline (given in Chinese) below:
（1） 现在找工作一般都要进行面试，通过面试面试者（interviewer）和应试者（interviewee）可以相互了解情况。
（2）面试者可以向应试者介绍情况，如工作性质、条件、待遇等。
（3）应试者也有机会给对方留下一个好的印象，如可以表现出自信心，可以介绍教育背景、工作能力等。
2．Harmfulness of Fake Commodities (CET-4, 1998.01)
Directions: For this part, you are allowed thirty minutes to write a composition on the topic Harmfulness of Fake Commodities. You should write at least 100 words, and you should base your composition on the outline (given in Chinese) below:
（1）目前社会上有不少假冒伪劣商品（fake commodities）。为什么会有这种现象？ （2）举例说明假冒伪劣商品对消费者个人、社会等的危害。 3．It Pays to Be Honest (CET-4, 2003. 01)
Directions: For this part, you are allowed thirty minutes to write a composition on the topic It Pays to Be Honest. You should write at least 120 words according to the outline given below in Chinese.
（1）当前社会上存在许多不诚实的现象; （2）诚实利人利已，做人应该诚实。
（二）对某一事物的正反两方面发表看法
就某一事物的正反两方面发表看法即：说明某一事物的利和弊（如：Advantages and Disadvantages of Something或 Positive and Negative Aspects of Something）。其常见的表达方式为：
1．某一事物（带来）的好处；
2．这一事物可能（给……）带来的问题或弊端； 3．我对这一事物的体会或我怎样对待这一事物。 例如：
1．Positive and Negative Aspects of Sports (CET-4, 1993.01)
Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic Positive and Negative Aspects of Sport. You should write no less than 100 words, and you should base your composition on the outline (given in Chinese) below:
（1）运动的积极因素； （2）运动的消极因素； （3）你的体会。
2．The Two-Day Weekend (CET-4, 1996.01)
Directions: For this part, you are allowed thirty minutes to write a composition on the topic The Two-day Weekend. You should write at least 100 words, and you should base your composition on the outline (given in Chinese) below:
（1）双休日给大学生带来的好处； （2）双休日可能给大学生带来的问题； （3）我应当怎样过好双休日。
二、段落布局及写作模式
例1：It Pays to Be Honest
（1）当前社会上存在许多不诚实的现象； （2）诚实利人利已，做人应该诚实。 段落布局 Para. 1 写作模式 Nowadays, there are many dishonest phenomena in our society, which have brought a lot of troubles to us. Dishonest phenomena are very harmful to our society. Take fake products for example. Some dishonest people produce and sell fake products, such as fake foods, fake drugs, fake building materials, etc. to make great profits. They get short-term illegal benefits, but they do great damage to the majority of people and our society. Fake foods harm people’s health. Fake drugs disable some people and even put some people to death instead of curing them of their diseases, fake building materials destroy our houses, roads and bridges. Dishonest people and businesses are hated by the majority of people and the society as a whole. Para. 2 Para. 3 By contrast, honest people and businesses do not make and sell fake commodities. Most of us like to make friends with honest people, and make deals with honest businesses. Honest people and businesses will get long-term benefits from their honesty. They can win trust, respect and honor and can be loved by the majority of people and our whole society. Therefore, it is important for us to be honest. 例2：The Two-Day Weekend
Directions: For this part, you are allowed thirty minutes to write a composition on the topic The Two-day Weekend. You should write at least 100 words and you should base your composition on the outline (given in Chinese) below:
（1）双休日给大学生带来的好处； （2）双休日可能给大学生带来的问题； （3）我应当怎样过好双休日。 段落布局 Para. 1 写作模式 At present, the two-day weekend plays an important role in our students’ lives. But, like everything else, the two-day weekend has both advantages and disadvantages. Generally speaking, the advantages of the two-day weekend can be listed as follows. In the first place, it has brought a lot of benefits to our students. It offers our students more free time to get rid of tiredness and have a good rest. In the second place, it gives our students more chances to take part in more outside-class activities. Furthermore, our students have more opportunities to do part-time job to make some money to support themselves. However, as a very popular saying goes, “everything has two sides”. The two-day weekend has some disadvantages. Great attention should be paid to its unfavorable sides for the following reasons. For one thing, our weekdays are filled with more classes, sometimes too many. For another, some students use two-day weekends to play computer games all day long. Last but not least, some students do nothing but waste their precious time. Based on what we have just analyzed above, we may arrive at the conclusion that although the two-day weekend has given rise to a number of problems, its advantages outweigh its disadvantages on the whole. And from the dialectical point of view, its unfavorable sides can be converted to its favorable sides. Therefore, we should maximize the positive aspects of the two-day weekend, minimize its negative aspects, make best use of its advantages, and try our best to avoid its disadvantages to achieve our desired goal. Para. 2 Para. 3 Para. 4 第三节 解决问题型
一、常见命题形式
大学英语考试写作中，解决问题型作文的出现频率也是比较高的。解决问题型作文要求我们就如何解决某一（些）问题或困难发表自己的看法。解决问题型作文题主要有三种出题形式：
（一）提出解决问题途径型
提出解决问题途径型作文的命题形式是：首先提出某一（些）需解决的问题，然后直接或间接地要求我们提出相应的解决途径。
例如：
1．How I Overcame My Difficulties in English Learning (CET-4, 1992.06)
Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic How I Overcame my Difficulties in Learning English. You should write at least 100 words, and you should base your composition on the outline (given in Chinese) below:
（1） 你在英语学习中有哪些困难？ （2） 你是如何克服这些困难的？
2．Getting to Know the World outside the Campus (CET-4, 1997.06)
Directions: For this part, you are allowed thirty minutes to write a composition on the topic Getting to Know the World Outside the Campus. You should write at least 100 words, and you should base your composition on the outline (given in Chinese) below:
（1）大学生了解社会的必要性；
（2）了解社会的途径（大众媒介、社会服务等）； （3）我打算怎么做。
（二）说明解决问题途径理由型
说明解决问题途径理由型作文的出题形式是：先要求我们提出某一（些）问题或困难的解决途径，然后说明哪种途径最适合于自己。例如：
1．How I Finance My College Education (CET-4, 2000.01)
Directions: For this part, you are allowed thirty minutes to write a composition on the topic How I Finance My College Education. You should write at least 100 words, and base your composition on the outline (given in Chinese) below:
（1）上大学的费用(tuition and fees)可以通过各种途径解决； （2）哪种途径适合于我（说明理由）。
2．How to Succeed in a Job Interview? (CET-6, 2001.01)
Directions: For this part, you are allowed thirty minutes to write a composition on the topic How to Succeed in a Job Interview? You should write at least 120 words, and base your composition on the outline given in Chinese below:
（1）现在找工作一般都要面试； （2）面试成功的主要途径有哪些？ （3）说明选择的理由。
（三）解释解决问题途径原因型
解释解决问题途径原因型作文的出题形式是：首先提出某一（些）需解决的问题或困难，然后要求我们解释出现这一（些）问题或困难的原因，最后要求我们提出解决问题或困难的途径。 例如：
1．Make Our City Greener (CET-4, 1990.06)
Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic Make Our City Greener. You should write no less than 100 words, and you should base your composition on the outline (given in Chinese) below:
（1）城市绿化的状况；
（2）绿化的好处（如：清洁空气，美化城市，改善气候......）； （3）怎样才能实现绿化?
2．The Career I Pursue (CET-6, 1994.06)
Directions: For this part, you are allowed thirty minutes to write a composition on the topic The Career I Pursue. You should write no less than 120 words, and you should base your composition on the outline (given in Chinese) below:
（1）我理想的职业是什么？ （2）为什么我选择这个职业？
（3）我怎样为我理想的职业做准备？
3．Global Shortage of Fresh Water (CET-4, 1996.06)
Directions: For this part, you are allowed thirty minutes to write a composition on the topic Global Shortage of Fresh Water. You should write at least 100 words, and you should base your composition on the outline (given in Chinese) below:
（1）人们认为淡水是取之不尽的（提示：雨水、河水、井水……）；
（2）实际上淡水是非常紧缺的（提示：人口增长、工业用水增加、污染……）； （3）我们应该怎么办？
二、段落布局及写作模式
例1：Getting to Know the World outside the Campus (CET-4, 1997.06) （1）大学生了解社会的必要性；
（2）了解社会的途径（大众媒介、社会服务等）； （3）我打算怎么做。 段落布局 Para. 1 写作模式 With the rapid development of society, it is very important for our college students to get to know the world outside the campus. Why should we get to know the world outside the campus? There are at least three major reasons that we should consider seriously. First, knowing the world outside the campus can expand our horizons. At campus, our knowledge derived from books is actually limited. Through contact with society we can learn more practical things. Second, it will let us know exactly what qualities our society requires us to have when we graduate from college. Third, it will make us realize that we are in a competitive society. We have to take part in competitions no matter what we do in our future. What are the ways to know the world outside the campus? There are many ways of knowing the world outside the campus. For example, we can know our society through our community service, through internet, TV programs, radio broadcasts and newspapers as well. In accordance with what we have just analyzed above, we may arrive at the conclusion that so long as we are determined to get to know the world outside the campus, we have many ways to do so and the above mentioned measures will be very helpful in achieving our desired goal. Para. 2 Para. 3 例2：How to Succeed in a Job Interview? (CET-6, 2001.01)
Directions: For this part, you are allowed thirty minutes to write a composition on the topic How to Succeed in a Job Interview? You should write at least 120 words, and base your composition on the outline given in Chinese below:
（1）现在找工作一般都要面试； （2）面试成功的主要途径有哪些？ （3）说明选择的理由。 段落布局 Para. 1 写作模式 Now, we are in a competitive society. We have to face the problem of a job interview when we look for a job. How can we succeed in a job interview? There are many ways to solve the problem, but the following three should be considered seriously. First, make careful preparations for it. Second, be bold, not shy during the course of the interview. Third, assess the situation of the interview and act according to the circumstances. Why should we prefer to choose these three ways? The reasons are as follows. For one thing, making careful preparations before the interview can help you know more information about the unit or company or enterprise to which you are applying. For another, being bold during the course of the interview can increase your confidence in the interview competition and help you show your strengths and advantages. Most important of all, assessing the situation of the interview and acting according to circumstances will display your comprehensive ability to flexibly cope with problems or difficulties in your future work. Based on this analysis, we can see clearly that the above mentioned three measures can be very helpful when taking part in a job interview. Bear them in your mind, and you will succeed in a job interview. Para. 2 Para. 3 Para. 4 例3：My View on the Negative Effects of Some Advertisements（CET-6, 1995.06） Directions: For this part, you are allowed thirty minutes to write a composition on the topic My View on the Negative Effects of Some Advertisements. You should write at least 120 words, and you should base your composition on the outline (given in Chinese) below:
（1）现在有些不良的商业广告； （2）这些广告的副作用和危害性； （3）我对这些广告的态度。 段落布局 Para. 1 写作模式 At present, there are many false advertisements in our society which have aroused close social attention. Why should more and more people pay so great attention to this problem? There are three major causes that we should take into consideration. In the first place, false advertisements exaggerate the functions of the goods they advertise and mislead consumers. In the second place, some false advertisements bring about spiritual pollution which does great harm to our youngsters. Last but not least, false advertisements damage the credits of the enterprises and shops that produce and sell those goods. Para. 2 Para. 3 How can we tackle this problem, then? We can resort to various ways to solve it. First, the authorities concerned examine carefully the exactness of each advertisement before it is published. Second, those who publish illegal advertisements must be punished severely. Most important of all, we should perfect our regulations for ruling advertising businesses. In accordance with what we have just discussed above, we may arrive at the conclusion that false advertisements cause harm to our society, but so long as we take effective measures to deal with them, we can eventually eliminate them in our society. Para. 4 第四节 解释缘由型
一、常见命题形式
在大学英语应试作文题中，要求我们解释形成某一现象、问题或趋势的原因，或说明喜欢或选择某一事物的理由的题的出现频率是最高的。解释原因或说明理由型作文的命题形式主要有以下两种：
（一）解释原因型
解释原因型作文最常见的出题形式为： 1．指出某一现象、问题或趋势的现状； 2．解释形成这一现象、问题或趋势的原因；
3．总结、归纳结论，重申我喜欢或选择的合理性或预测其前景。 例如：
1．The Celebration of Western Festivals (CET-6 2006.12)
Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay entitled The Celebration of Western Festivals. You should write at least 150 words following the outline below:
（1）现在国内有不少人喜欢过西方的某些节日； （2）产生这种现象的原因； （3）这种现象可能带来的影响。
2．My Most Favourite Programme (CET-4, 1993.06)
Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic My Favorite Programme. You should write no less than 100 words and you should base your composition on the outline (given in Chinese) below:
（1）我喜爱的电视（或无线电）节目是……； （2）这类节目的内容和特点； （3）我喜欢它的原因。
3．Bicycle——an Important Means of Transport in China (CET-4, 1991.01)
Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition about Bicycle——an Important Means of Transport in China. You should base your composition on the following outline:
（1）为什么自行车在中国这样普及？ （2）和汽车比较；
（3）自行车在中国的前途。
4．Harmfulness of Fake Commodities (CET-4, 1998.01)
Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic Harmfulness of Fake Commodities. You should write at least 100 words and you should base your composition on the outline (given in Chinese) below:
（1）目前社会上有不少假冒伪劣商品（fake commodities）。为什么会有这种现象？ （2）举例说明假冒伪劣商品对消费者个人、社会的危害。 5．My View on Job Hopping (CET-6, 1997. 06)
Directions: For this part, you are allowed thirty minutes to write a composition on the topic My View on Job Hopping. You should write at least 120 words and you should base your composition on the outline (given in Chinese) below:
（1）有些人喜欢始终从事一种工作，因为……； （2）有些人喜欢经常更换工作，因为……； （3）我的看法。
（二）说明理由型
说明理由型作文最常见的出题形式为： （1）指出某一事物的特点或优点；
（2）说明喜欢或选择某一事物的特点或优点的理由； （3）总结、归纳结论，或提出看法或建议。 例如：
1．Advantages of a Job Interview (CET-4, 1995.06)
Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic Advantage of a Job Interview. You should write at least 100 words and you should base your composition on the outline (given in Chinese) below:
（1）现在找工作一般都进行要面试，通过面试，面试者（interviewer）和应试者
（interviewee）可以相互了解情况；
（2）面试者可以向应试者介绍情况，如工作性质、条件、待遇等；
（3）应试者也有机会给对方留下一个好的印象，如可以表现出自信心，可以介绍教育
背景、工作能力等。
2．Make Our City Greener（CET-4, 1990.06）
Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the title Make Our City Greener, your composition should be based on the following outline:
（1）城市绿化的现状；
（2）绿化的好处（如：清洁空气，美化城市，改善气候......）； （3）怎么样才能实现绿化？
3．The World Is Getting Smaller and Smaller（CET-4,1994.1）
Directions: For this part you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the title The World Is Getting Smaller and Smaller in no less than 100 words. Your composition should be based on the following outline:
（1）现代化的交通工具越来越发达； （2）人与人之间的交往越来越频繁； （3）结论。
4．How I Finance My College Education (CET-4，2000. 01)
Directions: For this part, you are allowed thirty minutes to write a composition on the topic How I Finance My College Education. You should write at least 100 words, and base your
composition on the outline (given in Chinese) below:
（1）上大学的费用（tuition and fees）可以通过多种途径解决； （2） 哪种途径适合于我（说明理由）？ 5．A Campaign Speech （CET-4, 2005.01）
（1）你认为自己具备什么条件（能力，性格，爱好）可以胜任学生会主席工作？ （2）如果当选你将会为本校同学做什么？
二、段落布局及写作模式
例1：The Career I Pursue (CET-6, 1994.06) （1）我理想的职业是什么？ （2）为什么我选择这个职业？
（3）我怎样为我理想的职业做准备？ 段落布局 Para. 1 写作模式 At present, choosing an ideal job after graduation from college is the most important task of our college students. My dream would be to be an engineer of computer science and technology. There are many causes that may account for my choice, but in general, they come down to the following three major ones. In the first place, I am specializing in computer science and technology in college. In the second place, I enjoy playing computer games, and I want to design my own computer games in the future. Last but not least, computer science and technology is the basis of information technology. Since our society is in an information era, my knowledge of computer science and technology will be very helpful for other people doing jobs related to computer science and technology. In accordance with what I have just mentioned above, I may arrive at the conclusion that as an engineer of computer science and technology, I have a lot of chances to make full use of my knowledge of computer science and technology. I predict that as an engineer of computer science and technology, I will have a very bright future. So, to be a qualified engineer in the future, I must lose no time to acquire as much knowledge as possible. Para. 2 Para. 3 例2：Building up a Creative Society
（1）建立创新型社会是走可持续发展道路的必由之路； （2）我该怎么办？ 段落布局 Para. 1 写作模式 With the rapid development of science and technology, more and more people are paying great attention to the advantages of building up a creative society. What are the reasons for this phenomenon? Para. 2 There are many factors that may account for the trend, but, in general, they come down to the following three major ones. First, building up a creative society is the only way to adhere to the sustainable development of our country. Sustainable development must depend on new knowledge, new ideas, new concepts, new theories, and new techniques that can only be brought forth in force in a creative society. Second, building up a creative society may result in a series of systems of respecting knowledge and talents, encouraging innovation, invention and creation, and creating an innovative atmosphere. All of them are ever-lasting sources of our sustainable development. Third, building up a creative society can provide us with more chances of developing ourselves. On the basis of our above analysis, we can see that building up a creative society is the natural choice of adhering to sustainable development. So, let’s work together to speed up the progress of building up a creative society in our country. Para. 3 第五节 阐述名言型
一、常见命题形式
阐述名言型作文就是给出一句名言（或成语、格言等），要求我们解释这句名言，并证明其合理性的一种作文。
例如：
1．Practice Makes Perfect (CET-4, 1997. 01)
Directions: For this part, you are allowed thirty minutes to write a composition on the topic Practice Makes Perfect. You should write at least 100 words and you should base your composition on the outline (given in Chinese) below:
（1）怎样理解“熟能生巧”？ （2）例如：在英语学习中……； （3）又如……。
2．Haste Makes Waste (CET-6, 1997.01 )
Directions: For this part, you are allowed thirty minutes to write a composition on the topic Haste Makes Waste. You should write at least 120 words and you should base your composition on the outline (given in Chinese) below:
（1）为什么说“欲速则不达”？ （2）试举例说明。
3．Failure is the Mother of Success
Directions: For this part, you are allowed thirty minutes to write a composition on the topic Failure is the Mother of Success. You should write at least 120 words and you should base your composition on the outline (given in Chinese) below:
（1）怎样理解“失败乃成功之母”？ （2）试举例说明。 4．Knowledge Is Power
Directions: For this part, you are allowed thirty minutes to write a composition on the topic Knowledge Is Power. You should write at least 120 words and you should base your composition on the outline (given in Chinese) below:
（1）为什么说“知识就是力量”？ （2）试举例说明 二、段落布局及写作模式 例如：
1．Practice Makes Perfect 段落布局 写作模式 The famous proverb that practice makes perfect is very philosophical and hence universally accepted. It means excellence can only be obtained after you have put to use what you have learned and have tried it time and again. Many examples can be cited to illustrate the proverb. A case in point is learning a foreign language like English. You can take in a lot of information about it, such as its pronunciation, vocabulary, sentence structures, grammatical rules, idioms and usage, but all these will quickly escape from your memory. Even if you can remember some, you may not know how to make yourself understood or communicate with others in English. So you must practice listening, reading, speaking and writing. In accordance with what we have just described above, we may come to the conclusion that practice makes perfect. Engage yourself in performing tasks instead of just learning about them, and you will learn to become a perfect doer. Since we have realized the essence of the proverb, we should bear it in mind as a motto for a lifetime, and always follow what the proverb says. Para. 1 Para. 2 Para. 3 2．Failure Is the Mother of Success 段落布局 写作模式 The famous proverb that failure is the mother of success is very philosophical and hence universally accepted. It means those who are not afraid of failures and those who can learn lessons from failures can finally achieve what they have expected. Many examples can be cited to illustrate the proverb. A case in point is exploring. If we explore a new field and don't make preparations in advance, a failure may be inevitable. But if we are not afraid of our failure, if we don’t give up, if we pluck up our courage and learn lessons from it, we can finally achieve what we have expected. It has been proved by history that nobody was born to be a failure, nobody was born to be a success, failure can also be a positive factor of success, failure and success can also be converted each other. On the basis of what we have just mentioned above, we may conclude that failure is the mother of success. Whenever you face with a failure, don’t lose your heart, and your effort and confidence in success will help you gain fruits. Since we have realized the essence of the proverb, we should bear it in mind as a motto for a lifetime, and always follow what the proverb says. Para. 1 Para. 2 Para. 3 第六节 分析图表型
一、常见命题形式
图表型作文就是用文字来表达图表信息的一种作文。图表型作文与段首句作文、提纲式作文和图画型作文不同，它要求我们首先要根据图表的标题对图表进行分析、研究，弄清图表包含的各种信息及其关系，然后对这些信息进行比较、概括和归纳，提炼出文章的中心思想，并提出自己的看法和对策。图表型作文是大学英语应试作文中最难的一种题型。图表型作文常见的出题类型有以下四种：
（一） 表作文
表（Table）作文就是用表格信息来表达文章中心思想的作文。用表格表达信息具有准确、简洁的特点，表格中的各项数据一般都是按规律排列的，可以使大量数据系统化，便于阅读、比较和弄清图表包含的各种信息及其关系，从中概括、归纳、提炼出文章的中心思想。例如：
Changes in People’s Diet (CET-4, 1999. 06)
Directions: Study the following table carefully and your composition must be based on the information given in the table. Write three paragraphs to:
1. State the changes in people’s diet (饮食) in the past five years; 2. Give possible reasons for the changes; 3. Draw your own conclusions.
Your composition should be no less than 100 words and you should quote as few figures as possible.
Year Food Grain Milk Meat Fruit & Vegetable Total （二） 曲线图作文
曲线图（Line graph）作文就是用曲线图信息来表达文章中心思想的作文。曲线图也称为线性图或坐标图，最适合表示两个变量之间的关系的发展过程和趋势。曲线图有横轴和纵轴。曲线图可以把相关信息直观、准确地反映在由垂直和水平轴构成的类似坐标系统上。水平轴一般反映的是独立的变量，如年、月、日等，垂直轴反映的是依附的变量，如重量、价格、利润等。曲线图中可能是一条曲线，也可能是几条曲线，要求考生分析事物的发展情况或对几种事物的发展进行对比。线形图作文要注意垂直轴和水平轴计量单位的不同，以及每条曲线所标示的准确含义。一般先看横轴所代表的数量或时间等，然后再看纵轴所显示的意义。例如：
Car Accidents Declining in Walton City (CET-6, 1991. 06)
Directions: Remember that your composition must be written according to the following outline:
1. Rise and fall of the rate of car accidents as indicated by the graph; 2. Possible reason(s) for the decline of car accidents in the city; 3. Your predictions of what will happen this year.
1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 49% 10% 17% 24% 100% 47% 11% 20% 22% 100% 46.5% 11% 22.5% 20% 100% 45% 12% 23% 20% 100% 45% 13% 21% 21% 100% Your composition should be no less than 120 words and you should quote as few figures as possible.
（三） 条形图作文
条形图（Bar graph）作文就是用条形图信息来表达文章中心思想的作文。条形图也称为立柱图、圆柱图或棒形图。条形图由宽度相同但长度不同的条块代表不同的量。比较几个项目或量时，常用不同颜色来区分。条形图主要用来表示：同一项目在不同时间的量或同一时间不同项目的量。例如：
Health Gains in Developing Countries (CET-6, 1996. 06)
Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic Health Gains in Developing Countries. Your composition must be no less than 120 words and you should base your composition on the following instructions (given in Chinese):
1．以下图为依据描述发展中国家的预期寿命(life expectancy)和婴儿死亡率(infant mortality)的变化情况。
2．说明引起变化的原因。
（四） 圆形图作文
圆形图（Pie chart）作文就是用圆形图信息来表达文章中心思想的作文。圆形图也称为饼状图、圆面分割图或扇形图，是一个圆形图被分成大小不同的扇形，直观地表达作为整体的某一事物与某部分之间以及每个部分之间的相互关系。圆形图一般都有文字说明，图内的扇形大小常用百分比表示，比较形象直观，各部分空间大小差别容易分辨，常用来表示总量和各分量之间的百分比关系。整个圆表示总量，楔形块表示分量。有时圆形图还有数值表，两者结合可把各分量表示得更准确、清楚。例如：
The Distribution of Population on the Continents
Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition with the topic The Distribution of Population on the Continents based on the following pie chart.
AsiaEurope AfricaNorth AmericaSouth AmericaOceaniaAntarctica
二、段落布局及写作模式
图表型作文的规律性很强，因此写图表作文时，常采用三段式的写作方式。第一段分析图表中的数据变化反映什么问题、规律或趋势，概述图表信息所传递的现象、问题、趋势或规律；第二段分析形成这一问题、规律或趋势的原因或后果；第三段得出结论，展望未来的情况或提出自己的看法、解决对策、方法和建议等。这种布局可以简单地表述为：
第一段：概述图表反映的主题思想； 第二段：分析原因和后果；
第三段：得出结论，展望未来或提出自己的看法、解决对策、方法和建议。 例如：
Car Accidents Declining in Walton City (CET-6, 1991. 06)
Remember that your composition must be written according to the following outline. （1）Rise and fall of the rate of car accidents as indicated by the graph; （2）Possible reason(s) for the decline of car accidents in the city; （3）Your predictions of what will happen this year.
Your composition should be no less than 120 words and you should quote as few figures as possible.
段落布局 写作模式 In accordance with the line graph, we can see that the number of car accidents in Walton city fluctuated during the year of 1990. The first two months showed an increasing trend. The rate rose to 32 in March but fell to 26 in June. From June on, it was rising again and reached the peak point of 39 in August. After August it began to fall, and eventually dropped to the lowest point of 16 at the end of the year. So it’s obvious that the rate of car accidents in Walton city decreased in 1990. What are the reasons for this phenomenon? In my opinion, there may be at least three major factors that should be first taken into consideration. First, the city government widened some narrow streets in the city and built new roads around it, which distributed the flow of traffic. Second, the government made some new traffic rules and put them into practice, which helped quicken the flow of traffic. Last but not least, the city administration took some strong measures to improve the public’s awareness of observing traffic rules. Based on what we have discussed above, we may draw the conclusion that with these effective measures, the rate of car accidents in Walton city will keep on falling this year. Para. 1 Para. 2 Para. 3 三、常用句型
As can be seen from the diagram, great changes have taken place in... As can be seen from the graph, the two curves show the fluctuation of...
As is/ can be revealed/ shown/ illustrated/ indicated in the table/ line graph/ bar graph/ pie chart, ….
.
After…the number/ rate/ figure began to decline remarkably/ sharply/ dramatically, and eventually dropped to the lowest point at the end of the week/ month/ year.
Compared with last week/ month/ year, it has decreased by 10 percent. Compared with last week/ month/ year, it increased from 10 to 20 percent. Compared with last week/ month/ year, it is still increased by 20 percent.
From 2006 on, the number/ rate/ figure was rising again and reached the peak point in last week/ month/ year.
Great/ Some changes have taken place in the recent/ last few years in…. In 2006 the number/ rate/ figure remains the same/ drops to….
In the past few years, there has been a marked/ sharp/ dramatic/ sudden/ considerable increase/ rise/ decrease/ fall/ drop in….
It has been increased by a factor of 4 since 2006.
It has decreased almost two and half times, compared with 2006. It has increased by three times as compared with that of….
It is obvious that the number/ rate/ figure declined/ dropped/ rose/ increased in last week/ month/ year.
It may cause/ produce/ bring about a considerable/ marked change in…. It rose from 10-15 percent of the total this week/ month/ year.
Over the period from 2003 to 2006 the number/ rate/ figure remained level.
Take…for example.
The difference between A and B lies in….
The figures peaked at 100 in this week/ month/ year. The figures reached the bottom/ a low point/ hit a trough.
The graphs show a threefold increase in the week/ month/ year. The number/ rate/ figure fluctuated during this week/ month/ year.
The number/ rate/ figure rose to 30 in last week/ month/ year but fell to 10 in this week/ month/ year.
The percentage of the product stayed the same between 2005 and 2006.
The percentage of this week/ month/ year is slightly larger/ smaller than that of last week/ month/ year.
The table shows an increase of over 3 times of that of last year. The total number was lowered by 20%.
The year/ month/ week witnessed/ saw a sharp rise in…. There are a lot similarities/ differences between…and….
There was a very slight/ small/ slow/ gradual rise/ increase/ drop/ decrease/ decline/ fall/ reduction in this week/ month/ year.
This is a graph which illustrates….
From the table/ chart/ diagram/ figure, we can see clearly that.../ it is clear/ apparent from the chart that….
This table shows the changing proportion of A and B from…to….
This table/ pie chart/ line/ bar graph shows/ indicates/ illustrates/ represents/ points out/ provides that….
We can see from the information in the table/ line graph/ bar graph/ pie chart/ figures/ statistics that….
第七节 描述图画型
一、常见命题形式
看图画写作文是大学英语应试写作中较难的题型之一。图画型作文的图画一般都具有某种深刻的涵义：或暗示一种现象，或暗示一种哲理等等。看图画写作文有时是看一幅图写作，有时是看一组图写作。 二、段落布局及写作模式
第一段：概述图画反映的主题思想； 第二段：分析、解释、说明原因或后果； 第三段：总结、评论、提出建议或展望未来。
例1：Directions: Study the following drawing carefully and write an essay in no less than 100 words in which you should
（1）describe the drawing, （2）interpret its meaning, and
（3）support your view with examples.
段落布局 写作模式 In accordance with the information in the drawing, we can see that there is a new starting point before the young man arriving at a finishing line of a race, which indicates that a person often has to settle the puzzle of “stopping or going on” when he achieves his first goal. Para. 1 Para. 2 What are the reasons for this phenomenon? In my opinion, there are at least two factors that should first be considered. In the first place, our world is changing every day, so we have to keep up with the pace of the developing world. In the second place, we are in a competitive world, if we don’t want to be left behind or if we always want to be winners, we should not stop to take a rest when we achieve our first goal. Just a simple example can make this point very clear. If you finish studying chapter 1 of a book with your classmates, then you yourself alone stop to take a one or two months’ rest, you will be one or two months behind your classmates. Based on what we have discussed above, we may draw the conclusion that the purpose of the drawing is to tell us the truth that there is no ending point in the road of the journey of our life. Therefore, we should not stop to take a rest on arriving at the finishing line of a race. Para. 3 例2．Directions: Study the picture, and write an essay in about 120 words. Your essay should be based on the following outline.
（1）Describe the picture；
（2）Analyze the reasons of the phenomenon； （3）Suggest some solutions.
段落布局 Para. 1 写作模式 In accordance with the information in the two drawings, we can see that a flower growing in the green house can not withstand the ordeal of the wind and storm. What are the reasons for this phenomenon? In my opinion, there are at least two factors that should be first considered. First, a flower placed in a cozy green house though growing in full bloom, lacks the ability to protect itself from the severe wind and storm. Second, a flower growing in a proper temperature and protected situation will not gain the ability to fight against storms, rain, snow, and other natural disasters such as insects, pests and diseases. Without those abilities, a flower can not grow well or even can not grow under natural conditions. Para. 2 Para. 3 Based on what we have discussed above, we may draw the conclusion that the purpose of the drawings is to tell us the truth that if we get excessive care and materials from our parents when we are young, we will lack the ability to endure the hardships and difficulties in our competitive world. Only by undergoing more predicaments can young people develop strong personality and skill needed in the future, and only in this way can we eventually become winners in our competitive changing world. Therefore, as young people, we should exercise ourselves in the strong winds and storms of our harsh reality. 三、常用句型
As is revealed in the drawing (drawings)/ picture (pictures)/ photo (photos)/ cartoon (cartoons), ….
As the drawing/ picture/cartoon indicates / suggests / shows / reveals / illustrates,… As we can see from the drawing (drawings)/ picture (pictures)/ photo (photos)/ cartoon (cartoons), ….
As for me, I'm firmly convinced that….
As for me, with the rapid development of society/ science and technology/ industry/ agriculture…, all these problems will certainly be solved step by step.
I believe/ predict/ suggest that….
In conclusion, we must lay emphasis on this problem and make every effort to solve it thoroughly.
In conclusion, we must rationally take this problem into account and lay emphasis on it.
The most important findings taken from the drawing（drawings）/ picture (pictures)/ photo (photos)/ cartoon (cartoons) are as follows:
第八节 段首句型
段首句作文也称主题句作文或起始句作文。段首句作文除给出题目外，通常还将文章分为三段，并给出每一段的提示句，要求续写并完成段落。
段首句作文是一种控制性作文。它虽然只给出了题目和每一段的主题句，但它却限制了应试者的发挥范围，是一种看似好写，实际上非常难写的应试作文。在大学英语应试写作中，段首句作文曾在四、六级考试中出现过多次。因此，有必要学习和掌握段首句作文的基本写作理论和技巧。
一、常见命题形式
在大学英语应试写作中，段首句作文的出题形式一般有三种：第一种是在每段的段首给出主题句（如例1. The Tape Recorder和2. Women in the Modern World)；第二种是前两段的段首给出主题句，最后一段给出结论(如例3. An Early Morning Walk)；第三种是前两段的段首句是主题句，最后一段的段首给出短语或者过渡词（如例4. What Would Happen If There Were No Power）。例如：
1．The Tape Recorder (CET-4, 1989.01)
Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition about The Tape Recorder in three paragraphs. You are given the first sentence or part of the first sentence of each paragraph. Your part of the composition should be no less than 100 words, not including the words
given. Remember to write clearly. You should write this composition on the Composition Sheet.
(1) The tape recorder is one of the most welcome and popular electronic devices ever invented.
(2) This device is useful in many ways. (3) However, it can also become a nuisance.
2．Women in the Modern World (CET-4, 1987.09)
Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition about Women in the Modern World in three paragraphs. You are given the first sentence or part of the first sentence of each paragraph. Your part of the composition should be no less than 100 words, not including the words given. Remember to write clearly. You should write this composition on the Composition Sheet.
(1) Women are playing an increasingly important part in society today.
(2) With the change in their social role, women’s position in the family has been improved as well.
(3) In spite of these changes, the liberation of women has not been completely realized. 3．An Early Morning Walk (CET-4, 1988.06)
Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition about An Early Morning Walk in three paragraphs. You are given the first sentence or part of the first sentence of each paragraph. Your part of the composition should be no less than 100 words, not including the words given. Remember to write clearly. You should write this composition on the Composition Sheet.
(1) One morning I got up early, and everything was very quiet.
(2) When I arrived at the park, I found, to my surprise, that there were many people there. (3) Taking an early morning walk makes a man healthy and wise. 4．What Would Happen If There Were No Power (CET-4, 1990.01)
Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition about What Would Happen If There Were No Power in three paragraphs. You are given the first sentence or part of the first sentence of each paragraph. Your part of the composition should be no less than 100 words, not including the words given. Remember to write clearly. You should write this composition on the Composition Sheet.
(1) Ever since early this century, electricity has become an essential part of our modern life. (2) If there were no electric power…. (3) Therefore, ….
二、段落布局及写作模式
例1：
Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition about Building up an Innovative Society in three paragraphs. You are given the first sentence or part of the first sentence of each paragraph. Your part of the composition should be no less than 120 words, not including the words given. Remember to write clearly. You should write this composition on the Composition Sheet.
(1) Innovation has become one of the central topics around the world. (2) Innovation can enhance the overall power of a nation in many ways. (3) Effective measures should be taken to build up an innovative society.
段落布局 Para. 1 写作模式 Nowadays, innovation has become one of the central topics around the world. Many countries have regarded it as the key to increase their competitiveness. Our government has called on us to build up an innovative society. Innovation can enhance the overall power of a nation in many ways. First, innovation can speed up the development of our economy. Rapid economic growth is needed to improve our living condition. Better living conditions are the foundation of a stable country. Second, innovation can provide us with many new weapons. New weapons will promote the development of our military. A stronger military force will heighten our country’s status in the world. Third, innovation is the ever lasting source of our new ideas, new concepts, new theories and new technologies. They can not only create more opportunities of employment for our country, but also guarantee the rapid development of our nation’s society, economy and technology. Effective measures should be taken to build up an innovative society. For example, we should set up and perfect our systems of encouraging innovation, and we should further respect knowledge and talents. Para. 2 Para. 3 例2：The Relationship between Opportunities and Successes
Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition about The Relationship between Opportunities and Successes in three paragraphs. You are given the first sentence or part of the first sentence of each paragraph. Your part of the composition should be no less than 120 words, not including the words given. Remember to write clearly. You should write this composition on the Composition Sheet.
(1) Opportunities exist everywhere at anytime.
(2) The difference between a man who succeeds and one who does not depends upon the way each treats opportunities.
(3) ….If you want to achieve something, you must get adequately prepared. 段落布局 Para. 1 写作模式 Opportunities exist everywhere at anytime. You can find them in every aspect of our daily life. You can find them in the morning, in the afternoon, in the evening and even in your dreams. The difference between a man who succeeds and one who does not depends upon the way each treats opportunities. No one was born to be a success. A successful man doesn’t wait to take hold of an opportunity and spares no effort to take advantage of it to accomplish his intention when he comes across it. In contrast, nobody was born to be a failure. An unsuccessful man often meets an opportunity, takes no notice of it and let it go by him quickly. Opportunities exist around all of us. But only those who are adequately prepared and highly qualified can grasp them and make full use of them to achieve their desired goal. In accordance with what we have just discussed above, opportunities only prefer those who are adequately prepared. Keep a watchful eye on the opportunities around you, get hold of every opportunity that comes to visit you, work hard, spare no effort, and you will succeed. If you want to achieve Para. 2 Para. 3 something, you must get adequately prepared. 例3：
Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition about The Internet in China in three paragraphs. You are given the first sentence or part of the first sentence of each paragraph. Your part of the composition should be no less than 120 words, not including the words given. Remember to write clearly. You should write this composition on the Composition Sheet.
(1) Internet is becoming more and more popular in China.
(2) There are many reasons for the rapid development of internet in China. (3) As a result, …. 段落布局 Para. 1 写作模式 Internet is becoming more and more popular in China. You can see it everywhere. You can see it in offices. You can see it in classrooms, streets and families in every city. There are many reasons for the rapid development of internet in China. But, generally speaking, the following three aspects should first be taken into consideration. In the first place, an increasing number of people realize that internet is a convenient tool of getting all kinds of information at home and abroad. You can get today’s information about international events of every part of the world through it. You can get whatever news you like through it. In the second place, internet is a convenient tool of communication. You can send or receive e-mails to or from friends in every corner of the world at the same time through it. You can talk face to face with a friend on it no matter how far the distance between you and your friend is. Besides, internet is a convenient tool of study. You can have correspondence courses on it. You can get knowledge from all main languages of the world on it. In a word, you can get many benefits from internet. As a result, internet will change the ways of our daily life. With the rapid development of information technology, people will get more and more benefits from the use of internet. We will carry out our businesses on it, and we will buy or sell whatever things we like at home through it. Para. 2 Para. 3 三、常用句型
There are several reasons for this problem. One of the main reasons is that…. Another primary reason is that….
There are two/ three reasons for…. In the first place/ On the one hand, …. In the second place/ On the other hand, …. Furthermore, ….
Different people observe it in different ways. We have every reason to believe that…. What seems to be the trouble is….
What these people fail to consider is that….
When it comes to/ When talking about/ When asked about…, different people will offer different views/ ideas/ opinions/ arguments/ answers.
As a popular saying goes, \"everything has two sides.\"
As far as I am concerned, I agree with the first/ second view/ idea/ opinion/ argument/
answer.
As far as I am concerned, however, I believe that….
As for me, I'm firmly convinced that…, for the following reasons: As for me, I'm in favor of the opinion that… for the following reasons:
Based on what we have discussed above, we may draw/ come to/ reach/ arrive at the conclusion that….
In conclusion, I support the former/ latter/ first/ second view/ idea/ opinion/ argument. Therefore, my conclusion is that….
In conclusion, we must lay emphasis on this problem/ phenomenon and exert every effort to solve it thoroughly.
In conclusion, we must lay emphasis on this problem/ phenomenon and make our maximum contribution to help solve it.
With the efforts of all parts concerned, the problem will be solved thoroughly. More and more people have come to realize…. Currently there is a widespread concern that….
I agree with the above statement because I believe/ hold/ maintain/ think/ argue that…. Therefore, these findings reveal the following information:
It is widely assumed that…, they think…because…. Actually/ In fact/ As a matter of fact, …. With the development of society, more and more people/ an increasing number of people are facing/ have to face the problem of….
With the development/ advancement of science and technology/ economy/ society, more and more/ an increasing number of people pay attention to/ realize the characteristics/ advantages of….
There are many factors/ causes/ reasons that may account for/ contribute to/ be responsible for the phenomenon/ problem/ trend, …, but in general, they come down to two/ three/ four major ones.
People differ in their attitudes towards…. Faced with it, some of them…. Others, however, …. From what I have mentioned above, we can see clearly that….
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